1. Getting started
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2. Learning Objective  Introduction to the 3D Computer Graphics
 3D vocabulary
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4. Computer graphics the computer.
 Computer graphics is another form of art where the creative process and ideas are developed and expressed into visual communication by using
the computer.
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5. Computer graphics Image Computer Image génération animation
 Computer graphics, in general is categorized into three major parts of use:
Image
Computer
Image
génération
animation
manipulation
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6. 3D Graphics generated on the computer screens are flat?
 3-dimensional
 width, height and depth.
 Everything in the real world is 3 dimensional
 How come then the 3d graphics
generated on the computer screens
are flat?
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7. 3D Graphics
“Two dimensional representations of three dimensional objects.”
Two dimensional refers to the 2 dimensional screen output of these graphics and 3 dimensional objects here refer to the objects which exist only in the memory of the computer.
They do not exist outside the computer and have no physical form - they are just a bunch of codes and numbers.
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8. Utah teapot
 The first modelled 3d object in history by Martin Newell, a computer scientist.
 He sketched on a graph paper with pencil. Next, the sketch was brought to the lab and modelled with Tektronix storage tube since
there were no 3D packages then.
 All processes were completed by hand.
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9. Utah teapot
 Data set of the Teapot
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10. 3D graphics outputs  You may produce artwork in the following forms:
 Still image rendering
 Web presentation  VRML
 Movies
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11. 3D graphics outputs Still image rendering
 A traditional medium ordinarily used by 3D artists to express/illustrate ideas.
 The output can be in any 2D image files such as Jpeg, Tiff, BMP, and TGA.
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12. 3D graphics outputs Web presentation
 With new technology, we can browse 3D
presentations on the web. CULT 3D enables us to browse a real time object with realistic real time
texturing and lighting.
 Other interactive options can also be added for higher sophistication.
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13. 3D graphics outputs VRML
 Virtual reality modelling language is one of the well-known formats for navigating 3D objects on the web.
 It is the first technology for 3D web navigation.
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14. 3D graphics outputs Movies animated clips instead of in still images.
 You may want to render your work in
animated clips instead of in still images.
 Graphics artists’ favourites are avi, mov, mpeg file format.
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15. 3D creation  Vertex  Lines/edges  3-sided polygons  objects
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16. Vertex
 3D geometry is composed of fundamental shapes that provide building blocks.
 The atom of the 3D World is the vertex, a point in space.
 The vertex is the first dimension, without width or length, simply positioned in space.
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17. Lines: The Second Dimension
 The points on the line contain information that determines whether they are straight or curved.
 In the 2D world these lines can create open or closed shapes and paths used for 3D modeling and animation.
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18. 2D text
 Text is another type of 2D object.
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19. Three-sided polygons  The basis of objects creation in 3D space
 Face - three vertices join to create a triangular face
 Edge - the line joining each of the two vertices
 Polygon- can be two or more joined contiguous faces.
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20. Objects
 Anything that appears in the viewport is either an object or a sub-object selection within an object.
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22. Surface and Object Properties
 Faces have additional information to define the smoothing between edges.
 Smoothing groups produce smoothing, so a ball looks like a ball rather than a collection of triangles.
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25. 3D axis and coordinate system
 The position of 3D vertex is give three numeric values for X, Y and Z.
 These values are measured from a central point, the world space origin (0,0,0)
 3D space consist also of three imaginary lines which defines direction. These lines are called axis.
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26. 3D Coordinate System
3 most common types of coordinate system available in 3D Studio Max.
 World coordinate system (fundamental) : remain
the same regardless the viewport.
 View coordinate system : use the viewport as the basis
for the X, Y and Z axis and remain the same no matter how your viewport on the 3D scene changes.
 Local coordinate system : the point about which an
object transform (move, rotate, scale) is called pivot point or local origin of the object. The local origin of an object in contrast is the center of the local coordinate system.
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28. 3D viewports
 Whenever you look at your scene in 3D whether you are building your scene or ready to render images, you are looking through a camera.
 Your field of view is restricted to what you can see through that lens.
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29. 3D viewports
By default, 3ds Max has cameras that let you view your scene in a panel:
 perspective viewport  orthographic viewports  Axonometric viewports
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30. Orthographic viewports
 side, top, front that correspond to the default scene views.
 Flat, Plan, or Elevation
 F, L ,T
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32. 3D viewports
 Axonometric viewport
 User viewport
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34. Perspective viewport  Human eye, POV , more natural  Vanishing point
 Distortion - scale and position
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36. 3D Transformations
3 operations collectively are called transformations :
 move (w): an object about in space.
 rotate (e): tilt an object or change the direction in which it is facing.
 scale (r): change its size.
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37. Move  relocate an object in space
 in order to move an object to its final position, it can be moved in all 3 axis or constricted to certain axis
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38. Rotate  rotate an object into other orientation.
 rotations, like translations are usually written as a set of 3 values, on each for the X rotations, the Y rotations and Z rotations.
 Rotate (90, 0, 0) means rotate X 90 degrees
around and nothing around Y and Z.
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39. Coordinate Systems and Rotation
 When you rotate an object, three factors influence the way
it turns :
 which coordinate system (world, view, local or user) is currently active.
 the location of the rotational center point (pivot point)
 which axis is chosen to rotate the object around.
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41. Scale Change the size or the proportions of the object
 proportional scale/uniform scale
 non-proportional scale/non-uniform scale
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42. Proportional scale/ Uniform Scale
 scaling factor is the same for all axis
 the overall size changes but the original
proportions of the object remain the same.
 resize
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43. Non-Proportional/ Non-Uniform scale
 An object is scaled on one or 2 axis at a time.  Squash and Stretch
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44. Scale
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45. Scale
 if scaling is by a negative number, means that the object will be flipped or invert.
 mirror
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46. Cloning  Duplicating objects in 3D  Methods of cloning:
 [Shift]+ Transform  Snapshot
 Array
 Mirror
 Spacing Tool
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47. Cloning
 There are three types of clone option: copy, instance and reference
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48. Cloning  A copy is a simple copy and they are not linked in any way.
 An instance of an object means that modifying one would modify the other.
 A reference is a hybrid between the two. If you
change any parameters within the modify stack of
either the clone or the original, changes would be
duplicated. If you add modifiers to the original, this would also be applied to the reference also. However, if you add modifiers to the clone, the original is NOT affected. Basically, the clone is a
reference to the original.
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49. © mcyuen2011
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52. Further Reading 
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