1. Higher Biology Cell Ultrastructure

2. 2 By the end of this lesson: You should be able to: Know what an organelle is Recognise the following: ribosomes; nucleus; rough endoplasmic reticulum; chloroplasts; mitochondrian; Golgi Body Label named organelles on diagrams Know the functions of named organelles

3. 3 Electron Microscope The light microscope has limited magnification. The electron microscope uses a beam of highly energetic electrons to examine objects on a very fine scale. This examination can yield the following information: Topography The surface features of an object or "how it looks", its texture; direct relation between these features and materials properties (hardness, reflectivity...etc.)

4. 4 Electron Microscope Morphology The shape and size of the particles making up the object; direct relation between these structures and materials properties (ductility, strength, reactivity...etc.) Composition The elements and compounds that the object is composed of and the relative quantities of them; direct relationship between composition and materials properties (melting point, reactivity, hardness...etc.)

5. 5 Typical Animal Cell Using a light microscope

6. 6 Typical Animal Cell Using an electron microscope Much more detail is revealed

7. 7 Typical Animal Cell Using an electron microscope The extra structures seen are called organelles

8. 8 Typical Animal Cell Each organelle has a specific function. (Like mini- organs)

9. 9

10. 10 Typical Plant Cell Using a light microscope

11. 11 Typical Plant Cell Using an electron microscope

12. 12 Ultrastructure 1. Insert and complete the “Cell Ultrastructure” sheet from your pack into your notes. 2. Draw a table to show the functions of the following 7 cell structures: Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi body Chloroplasts Cell membrane NucleusRibosome Use Pages 317-318 of Torrance

13. 13 By the end of this lesson: Can you do it? Know what an organelle is Recognise the following: ribosomes; nucleus; rough endoplasmic reticulum; chloroplasts; mitochondrian; Golgi Body Label named organelles on diagrams Know the functions of named organelles