1. Surfaces of Products

2. Mechanical Forms

3. Bang & Olufsen BeoSound 3000 The Mechanical Forms Cubes, cylinders and their Boolean results are easy to machine Mechanical forms lack the subtle, interesting changes in silhouette and high-lights which free- forms possess To make geometrical forms interesting, designers focus on dramatic overall compositions or play around with graphical tricks such as asymmetry, contrast, repetition, etc.

4. Discussion

5. Internal edges aligned to one or two directions. Everything snap to an invisible ‘grid’. The overall result is a sense of order emerge from microscopic chaos

6. Overall Composition Adapted from: www.amadana.com and www.barouche.netwww.amadana.comwww.barouche.net

7. Overall Composition and Silhouettes

8. Humidifier by Plusminuszero Heater by Plusminuszero Conflict chair by Aviad Gil Reflectius by Art Lebedev

9. Sony Playstation 3

10. Arrangement of Details Splash CD Radio by Yuento DateBlock Non-paper perpetual calendar.

11. Surface graphics Nokia 7500 prism

12. The Aesthetic Judgement for Geometrical Form Design Good product forms are those which produce interesting 2D image at all viewing angles Interesting 2D images are the result of variation and contrast  Volumetric proportion  Silhouette contours  Graphical elements on surfaces

13. The Developable Forms

14. Ruled Surfaces Ruled surfaces are transitional surfaces  between two open or closed profiles  Between one open or closed profile and a point There must be at least one straight line that connect any point on the one profile to the other profile or point Planes and Cylindrical surfaces are a sub- set of ruled surfaces

16. Developable Surface In mathematics, a developable surface is a surface that can be flattened onto a plane without distortion Many developable surfaces can be visualised as the surface formed by moving a straight line in space Developable surfaces that can be realized in 3D space are cylinders, cones, planes Spheres are not developable as they cannot be unrolled into a plane All developable surfaces are ruled surfaces Not all ruled surfaces are developable surface, hyperboloids are examples of ruled surfaces that are not developable

17. Developable Product Forms Straight ruled surfaces appears on many products formed by folding and bending sheet materials Skilful combination of ruled surfaces can make a mathematically simple developable surface looks as dynamic as very complex surface By introducing free-form curves and varying the matching endpoints, designers can introduce dynamism to the product form

18. Sheet Metal Components and Enclosures

19. Sheet Metal Consoles

20. Bendable Interior Objects Easy.Storage for B-LINE by Matthias Demacker Sheet As Structures Lightlight table lamp by stauffacherbenzstauffacherbenz

21. Sheet As Structures origami.series for van esch by Matthias Demacker Come back by Velopa

22. Sheet As Structures Vertigo side table by AquilialbergBourgogne by Mikael Ling Di Classe FULGURO's reLeaf

23. Creep tables and shelves by Susan Bradley's Light as a feather 'Alle cinque' Trays by Serafino Zani Sheet As Decoration Driade 100 PIAZZE by Fabio Novembre

24. Flexible Sheet Materials Salad Set by Karichdesign 'Flat' Travel tray by Marco Susani, Mario TrimarchiMarco SusaniMario Trimarchi Kombinationsbestick by Kristin Granath

25. Tote by conphorm Flexible Sheet Materials

26. Opus series by Lamina Design Adapted from: http://www.laminadesign.com

27. Use of Ruled Surfaces By introducing free-form curves and varying the matching endpoints, designers can introduce dynamism to the product form Straight ruled surfaces appears on many products formed by folding and bending sheet materials Skilful combination of ruled surfaces can make a mathematically simple developable surface looks as dynamic as very complex surface

28. Example of Ruled Surfaces on Products Thermos Jug by Boda NovaBoda Nova

29. Example of Ruled Surfaces on Products Elic umbrella stand Brody Sofa by Arthur Koutoulas Moshimy cellphone dock by Michael Young'cellphone dockMichael Young

30. Negative Ruled Surface Created From Running A Profile Across 2D Space

31. Sweep Patches

32. Sweep Surfaces Sweep surfaces are transitional surfaces  Between 2 profiles connected at a common end point  Between 3 profiles connected at 2 or 3 common end points  Between 4 profiles connected at 4 common end points Planes, Cylindrical, and Ruled surfaces are a sub-set of sweep surfaces

33. Generic swept surfaces consist of 2 or more curves joined end-to-end In NURBS modelling they are called U,V pairs

34. From any point on one profile At least 1 straight line to other profile Single curvature Not single curvature

36. Surface created by uniformly deform one curve to another The quality of surface is determined by bounding lines

37. Products With Sweep Surfaces

39. Salty by Munire KirmaciMunire Kirmaci

40. Products With Sweep Surfaces Pioneer MT-01 Power Line Sound SystemMT-01 Power Line Sound System

41. Products With Sweep Surfaces DePadovaDePadova by Xavier Lust Misfits sofa by ARAD Ron Swingline stapler by Scott Wilson

42. Crease Lines Differentiate sweep forms from blobs Created by the meeting of two different planes or surfaces May be positive or negative, but has more inherent 'integrity' than a feature line Persistent elements, dominate the form even after filleting Effective carrier of meaning and emotion The edges where sweep patches meet in CAD