2. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Exercise Science Section 29: Exercise Science Section 29: The (Big) Business of Sport

3. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The (Big) Business of Sport Entertainment  Sport is now an important part of the economic system of most Western countries and operates along the same lines as any business

4. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Economics of Sport  For-Profit vs. Not-for-Profit Sport  Based on economic motive behind those who organize and provide financial support for sports teams  Amateur versus Professional Sport  Amateurs derive no direct financial or material rewards for their sporting efforts; professional athletes do

5. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Winning Is Everything  For professional sports teams, winning reinforces fan loyalty, which in turn results in bigger gate receipts, more sales of products featuring the teams “logo” or “brand,” and higher fees for more widely watched television broadcast of games  At this level, there is no difference between sporting events and concerts or even craft and trade shows  “Revenue streams” - various ways in which money is brought into the coffers of a pro sports team

6. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Role of the Media  Television, radio, the Internet, newspapers, magazines, and all forms of advertising that appear in these media outlets have an impact on the world of sport  Introduction of the radio in the 1930s and 1940s allowed fans to be “part of the action” by allowing them to listen to live coverage

7. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Influence of Television  First broadcasts were primitive  NHL hockey games first came to home viewers in Canada in 1952  Large potential audience; free access to the broadcast; large target audience for advertisers  Television reshaped the rules of sport; redesigned uniforms and equipment and has even affected the duration and tempo of sporting events  Recent explosion of sports media

8. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Sports-as-Entertainment Industry  The actual action involved in a game, race, or contest is just one part of the overall entertainment package that is presented to the viewers as part of the telecast  Sports extras – celebrity play-by-play announcers, pre- and post-game analysis sessions, interviews with players

9. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Sports-as-Entertainment Industry – cont’d  Broadcasting Rights  Key to the extremely large amounts of money change hands as broadcasters bid for the right to televise sporting events  Broadcasters attempt to recoup these fees from advertising revenue

10. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Sports-as-Entertainment Industry – cont’d  Endorsements  Sports celebrities representing particular products – often for a sizeable fee – is an important part of promoting seemingly unrelated products  Examples: Wayne Gretzky in Ford Car advertisements; Tiger Woods Buick Car advertisements

11. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Promotional Success: The Nike Story  The Nike “swoosh” is emblazoned on all manner of sports clothing and equipment, both on players and fans alike  Marketing targeted at young athletes  Received negative publicity due to manufacturing in third world countries  Endorsements important in Nike’s success - paid US$40 million to Tiger Woods to wear their branded hat and shirts during competition

12. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Key Players in the Sports Business Field  Team owners  Players  Player agents  Fans

13. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Owner’s Role  Professional sports team owners are generally looking to make large profits on their investment, and explore a number of ways to draw revenue beyond simply collecting money from ticket-holders  Many professional sports teams are now owned by large media conglomerates (e.g., AOL-Time Warner or Disney)

14. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Athlete’s Role  Professional athletes find themselves continually called upon to perform at a consistently high level in order to remain competitive  “You’re only as good as your last game”  Salaries have skyrocketed in recent years  Example: Vince Carter reportedly earned CDN$25 million per season when he was playing with the Toronto Raptors NBA team, not including endorsement payments

15. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Agent’s Role  Player’s representative, often with a legal background, who represents athletes in all levels of business dealings  Instrumental in negotiating player contracts and salaries with team owners  Many disagree with the increasingly powerful role played by sports agents – they argue that, because they make a living on commission, they are negotiating high salaries simply for their own personal gain

16. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Fan’s Role  Consumer loyalty is key to a professional team’s success  Fans purchase tickets, watch televised games and related sports programming, and attend games, all in support of their favourite team

17. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Sports Spin-Offs  Replica Products  Food and Beverage Sales  Stadium Concessions  Alternative Use of Sports Stadiums  Air Canada Centre: Leafs and Raptors, Concerts  Charities  “Cujo’s Kids”  Contribution to Local Economies  Taxes, Generate Revenue (food, parking, clothing)

18. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.