1. Asexual Reproduction
The Cell Cycle 1

2. DNA Replication DNA must be copied or replicated before cell division
Each new cell will then have an identical copy of the DNA
Original DNA strand
Two new, identical DNA strands

3. Identical Daughter Cells
Two identical daughter cells
Parent Cell

4. Chromosomes

5. Prokaryotic Chromosome
The DNA of prokaryotes (bacteria) is
one, circular chromosome attached to the inside of the cell membrane

6. Eukaryotic Chromosomes
All eukaryotic cells store genetic information in chromosomes
Most eukaryotes have between 10 and 50 chromosomes in their body cells
Human body cells have 46 chromosomes or 23 identical pairs

7. Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Each chromosome is composed of a single, tightly coiled DNA molecule
Chromosomes can’t be seen when cells aren’t dividing and are called chromatin

8. Chromosomes in Dividing Cells
Duplicated chromosomes are called chromatids & are held together by the centromere
Called Sister Chromatids

9. Karyotype
A picture of the chromosomes from a human cell arranged in pairs by size
First 22 pairs are called autosomes
Last pair are the sex chromosomes
XX female or XY male

10. The Y Chromosome Decides
Boy or Girl?
The Y Chromosome Decides
Y - Chromosome
X - Chromosome

11. Cell Division in Prokaryotes

12. Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes such as bacteria divide into 2 identical cells by the process of binary fission
Single chromosome makes a copy of itself
Cell wall forms between the chromosomes dividing the cell
Parent cell
Chromosome relicates
Cell splits
2 identical daughter cells

13. Prokaryotic Cell Undergoing Binary Fission

14. How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?

15. Why do animals shed their skin?

16. The process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes begins after a sperm fertilizes an egg.

17. Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction: 1. Growth 2
Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction: Growth Repair Replacement
Skin cancer - the abnormal growth of skin cells - most often develops on skin exposed to the sun.
Cancer develops when cells that reproduce by asexual reproduction divide out of control.

18. The Cell Cycle

19. Sketch the Cell Cycle DNA Copied Cells prepare Cells Mature
for Division
Cells Mature
Daughter Cells
Cytoplasmic Division
Nuclear Division
Cell Divides into 2 Identical cells

20. Animated Cell Cycle Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase & Cytokinesis

21. Interphase occurs before mitosis begins
Chromosomes are copied (# doubles)
Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(sister chromosomes) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase

22. Interphase - G1 Stage 1st growth stage after cell division
Cells mature by making more cytoplasm & organelles
Cell carries on its normal metabolic activities
Cells can leave this phase (G0)and go through a rest phase and then reenter before proceeding to the S phase

23. Interphase – S Phase Synthesis Phase DNA is copied or replicated
Two identical copies of DNA
Original DNA

24. Interphase – G2 Stage 2nd Growth Stage
Occurs after DNA has been copied
All cell structures needed for division are made (e.g. centrioles)
Both organelles & proteins are synthesized

25. What’s Happening in Interphase?
What the cell looks like
Animal Cell
What’s occurring

26. Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

27. Mitosis

28. Mitosis Division of the nucleus Only occurs in eukaryotes
Has four stages
Doesn’t occur in some cells such as brain cells

29. Four Mitotic Stages
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

30. Prophase Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)
Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell (animal cells only).
Spindle fibers form between the poles.
Nucleus and nucleolus disappear
Chromatin condenses (coils) to form chromosomes

31. Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Spindle fibers Centrioles
Photographs from:

32. Metaphase Chromosomes are now lined up at the equator
Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers.
Chromosomes are now lined up at the equator

33. Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

34. Anaphase Occurs rapidly
Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.

35. Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

36. Telophase Two new nuclei and nucleoli form.
Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods).
Cleavage furrow begins to forms in animal cells and a cell plate begins to form in plant cells
Mitosis ends.

37. Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

38. Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis
Cell membrane moves inward to divide the cytoplasm and create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes.

39. Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase                                                             
Prophase                                                             
Metaphase                                                             
Anaphase                                                             
Telophase                                                             

40. Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase                                                             
Prophase                                                             
Metaphase                                                             
Anaphase                                                             
Telophase                                                             

41. IPMATC REMEMBER! Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Cytokinesis
IPMATC
A mnemonic to help remember the stages of mitosis.
I Pray More At The Church

42. Cell Cycle

43. - Cell Division
The Cell Cycle 43

44. Mitosis Animation