1. + CS 325: CS Hardware and Software Organization and Architecture Introduction

2. + Outline Get to know each other Course information Course website Syllabus Term project

3. + Myself Dr. Michael Galloway COHH 4135 jeffrey.galloway@wku.edu Ph.D. – Computer Science – The University of Alabama, Aug. 2013 Specialization: Parallel and Distributed Computing, Cloud Computing Local Infrastructure as a Service Cloud Architectures M.S. – Computer Science – The University of Alabama, May 2008 Specialization: VANETs, MANETs, Network Protocols B.W.E – Wireless Engineering – Auburn University, December 2005 Specialization: Wireless Communication Protocols, Resource Management of Handheld Devices. Taught classes at 6 colleges and universities First time teaching computer organization and architecture Current Research: Infrastructure Cloud Architectures, Automated Resource Deployment, Vertical Educational Clouds, Power Modeling Co-Chair: WKU ACM Student Chapter – Everyone should join!!

4. + Yourself Your name What you would like to be called What would you like to learn from this class? Anything you would like us to know

5. + Course Description This course will provide a means for advanced coverage of computer systems and architecture, provide a bridge between low-level hardware systems and operating systems programming and provide a means for in-depth coverage of new generation hardware and computer systems. Topics include computer number representations, computer arithmetic, CPU operations, instruction sets, I/O memory management, system performance, and parallelism.

6. + Important Information Course Website: http://ip204-5.sth.wku.edu//cs325Web/ Required Book: “Computer Organization and Architecture” by William Stallings, ninth edition. Office Hours: 8am – 11am on Tuesday, Thursday

7. + Why Should We Study Computer Architecture? It’s required Understand computer performance and cost factors. Basis for understanding OS and programming concepts. Understand how to write programs that are: Faster Smaller Less prone to error To appreciate the relative cost of operations and the effect of programming choices. Helps you to debug.

8. + The Bad News… Digital Hardware Is complex Cannot be fully understood in one course Requires background in electrical engineering, physics, chemistry The CPU is the most complex device created by humans. Over 2 Billion transistors (2013) Transistor switching speed of over 4 billion/sec (4Ghz) 22nm fabrication process, and getting smaller 14nm scale projected for 2014 ~60 Si atoms!

9. + The Good News! It is possible to understand the architectural components without knowing all of the low-level details. Programmers only need to know the essentials Characteristics of major components Role in overall system Consequences for programmers

10. Computer Architecture The operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications Hardware details transparent to the programmer, control signals, interfaces between the computer and peripherals, memory technology used Instruction set, number of bits used to represent various data types, I/O mechanisms, techniques for addressing memory Attributes of a system visible to the programmer Have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program Computer Architecture Architectural attributes include: Computer Organization Organizational attributes include: Computer Organization

11. + IBM System IBM System/370 architecture Was introduced in 1970 Included a number of models Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to abandon original software New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain the same architecture so that the customer’s software investment is protected Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s mainframe product line 370 Architecture still in use by IBM today! IBM zSeries IBM zEnterprise Series 370 Architecture

12. + Intel x86 1978 – Introduced 8088, 16 – bit 80186, 80286 1985 – 80386, 32 – bit 80486, Pentium, Pentium MMX 1995 – Pentium Pro Pentium II, Pentium III 2000 – Pentium 4 2006 – Core 2, 64 – bit, multi-core 2008 – Core i3/i5/i7 Atom Backward compatible instruction set architectures

13. + Basic Structure of Computers

14. + Sharing the CPU (Context Switching)

15. + CPU Cache

16. + Function A computer can perform four basic functions: ● Data processing ● Data storage ● Data movement ● Control

17. + Operations (a) Data movement

18. + Operations (b) Data storage

19. + Operations (c) Data movement

20. + Operations (d) Control

21. The Computer

22. Structure

23. +  CPU – controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions  Main Memory – stores data  I/O – moves data between the computer and its external environment  System Interconnection – some mechanism that provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O There are four main structural components of the computer:

24. + CPU Control Unit Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) Performs the computer’s data processing function Registers Provide storage internal to the CPU CPU Interconnection Some mechanism that provides for communication among the control unit, ALU, and registers Major structural components:

25. + Summary Computer Organization Computer Architecture Function Data processing Data storage Data movement Control Structure CPU Main memory I/O System interconnection CPU structural components Control unit ALU Registers CPU interconnection

26. + Internet Resources - Web site for book http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA9e.html Links to sites of interest Links to sites for courses that use the book Errata list for book Information on other books by W. Stallings http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html Math How-to Research resources Misc