1. BCCO PCT #4 PowerPoint INTERMEDIATE CRIME SCENE SEARCH TCOLE Course # 2106 32 to 40 hours AND UNIT SEVEN

2. Learning Objectives Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1 The student will be able to summarize a process of collecting and preserving potential DNA evidence. (Always follow department policy and protocol, and current laws.) Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.1 The student will be able to define DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.2 The student will be able to name two methods of DNA evaluation. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.3 The student will be able to describe important considerations of DNA evaluations

3. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.4 The student will be able to explain the importance of maintaining a “chain of custody” when collecting and preserving potential DNA evidence. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.5 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting known blood samples. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.6 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting different types of blood samples. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.7 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting saliva and urine samples

4. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.8 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting different samples of semen stains. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.9 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting hair samples. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.10 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting tissue, bone, and teeth samples. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.11 The student will be able to identify the methods of collecting DNA evidence from hats, shoes, sock, fingernails, weapons, and doors and windows. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.12 The student will be able to explain important considerations of documenting, collecting, packaging, and preserving DNA evidence.

5. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.13 The student will be able to know where to submit DNA evidence. Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1.14 The student will be able to demonstrate the process of collecting and preserving DNA evidence.

6. DNA Evidence 7.0 DNA Evidence (Always follow agency policy and protocol, and current laws.) Process of collecting and preserving potential DNA evidence. (Always follow agency policy and protocol, and current laws.)

8. 7.1.1 Define DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA A. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) – the molecule that encodes genetic information. chemical B. DNA is a chemical substance contained in cells, which determines each person’s individual characteristics.

9. unique C. An individual's DNA is unique except in cases of identical twins. hair blood fluids D. DNA is most commonly recovered from crime scenes in the form of hair, tissue, bones, teeth, blood or other biological fluids.

11. Biological E. Biological fluids - fluids that have human or animal origin; are most commonly encountered in crime scenes containing blood, mucous, perspiration, saliva, semen, vaginal fluid, and urine.

12. 7.1.2 Two methods of DNA evaluation. 1.DNA analysis/examination forensic 1.DNA analysis/examination – process of testing to identify DNA patterns or types. In the forensic setting, this testing is used to exclude or include individuals as possible sources of body fluid stains (blood, saliva, semen) and other biological evidence (bones, teeth, hair).

13. 2.DNA profiling relative sequence 2.DNA profiling – the result of determining the relative positions of DNA sequence at several locations on the molecule.

14. 7.1.3 Important considerations of DNA evaluations analyzed A. DNA is analyzed (examined) in body fluids, stains, and other biological tissues recovered from evidence.

15. biological B. The results of DNA analysis of questioned biological samples are compared with the results of known samples. examination 1. DNA analysis of known samples is an examination that can associate victims(s) and/or suspect(s) with each other or with a crime scene.

16. C. Examinations can determine the following: Presenceabsence 1. Presence or absence of blood in stains. human nonhuman 2. Whether blood is human or nonhuman Animal 3. Animal species

17. D. Blood examinations cannot determine the age or the race of a person. positively 1. Conventional serological techniques are not adequately informative to positively identify a person as the source of a stain.

18. 7.1.4 “chain of custody” collecting & preserving potential DNA evidence control A. The key point is to keep a detailed list of individuals who had control of the evidence at any point, from collection to final disposition CHAIN Of CUSTODY is of Paramount IMPORTANCE

19. scrutiny B. It is in the best interest of the investigator and the agency to treat all investigations with the mindset that every action taken during the search may one day be under the scrutiny of individuals who desires to discredit techniques used, the officer’s testimony, and basic fact finding skills used

20. chain custody C. Start maintaining a chain of custody of potential evidence early in the incident response process. Bexar County Constable’s Office Precinct # 4 2711 S.S. Loop 410 South, Ste100 San Antonio, TX 78222 CHAIN Of CUSTODY

21. tags D. Create evidence tags for each piece of evidence that is identified and collected: Timedate 1. Time and date of the action. Number 2. Number assigned to the case. Number 3. Number of particular evidence tag. consent 4. Whether or not consent is required and the signature of the person who owns the evidence.

22. EVIDENCE John Smith gave his consent on 02/24/2014 at 2:00 pm for the attached blood sample to be taken by qualified medical RN.

23. owner D.5. The owner of the evidence before it was seized, or who provided the information. description D.6. A complete description of the evidence, including the quantity, if necessary. received D.7. Name of individual, and crime laboratory or storage facility, who received the evidence from the investigator and the signature of the recipient.

24. Date D.8. Date of transfer. Reason D.9. Reason the evidence was given to another person. record E. Each time the evidence exchanges possession from one person to another, or moves from one location to another, the investigator must record this transaction Released to evidence custodian Mailed to crime lab Etc…..Etc…Etc…….

25. record F. It is critical to record all pertinent information possible and maintain the chain of custody. evidence only G. A well documented evidence tag only takes a few minutes to create. Always follow agency policy, procedure, protocol, and current Texas laws H. Always follow agency policy, procedure, protocol, and current Texas laws.

26. 7.1.5 Methods of collecting known blood samples. A. Only qualified medical personnel should collect (“draw”) blood samples from an individual A. Only qualified medical personnel should collect (“draw”) blood samples from an individual.

27. two B. At least two 5-mL tubes of blood in purple–top tubes with EDTA as an anticoagulant for DNA analysis; and drug or alcohol-testing samples in gray-top tubes with NaF (sodium fluoride) should be collected. datetimesubject’s C. Each tube should be identified with the date, time, subject’s name, location, collector’s name, case number, and evidence number.

28. Refrigerate D. Refrigerate, do not freeze blood samples. Use cold packs, not dry ice during shipping. Styrofoamcylindrical E. Pack liquid blood tubes individually in Styrofoam™ or cylindrical tube containers with absorbent material surrounding the tubes. BLOOD SAMPLE

29. F. Label the outer container: KEEP IN A COOL DRY PLACE, REFRIGERATE UPON ARRIVAL, and BIOHAZARD. G. Submit blood samples to a crime laboratory as soon as possible. BLOOD SAMPLE

30. 7.1.6 Methods of collecting different types of blood samples.

31. A. Liquid blood on a person A. Liquid blood on a person. blood swab 1. Absorb suspected liquid blood onto a clean cotton cloth or swab. unstained 2. Leave a portion of the cloth or swab unstained as a control. paperenvelope 3. Air-dry the cloth or swab and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. plastic 4. Do not use plastic containers.

32. B. Dried blood on a person B. Dried blood on a person. distilled 1. Absorb suspected dried blood onto a clean cotton cloth, or swab, moistened with distilled water. control 2. Leave a portion of the cloth or swab unstained as a control. Airdry 3. Air-dry the cloth or swab and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. not 4. Do not store in plastic containers.

33. C. Blood on surfaces or in snow or water. liquid clots 1. Absorb suspected liquid blood or blood clots into clean cotton cloth or swab. control 2. Leave a portion of the cloth of swab unstained as a control. Air-dry 3. Air-dry the cloth or swab and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners.

34. C. Blood on surfaces or in snow or water. 4. Do not store in plastic containers. snow water 5. Collect suspected blood in snow or water immediately to avoid further dilution. snow 6. Eliminate as much snow as possible. airtight 7. Place in a clean airtight container. Freeze Freeze the evidence and submit to the library as soon as possible.

35. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. 1. Air-dry wet bloodstained garments. garments 2. Wrap dried bloodstained garments in clean paper. plasticairtight 3. Do not place wet or dried garments in plastic or airtight containers. debrisresidue 4. Place all debris or residue from the garments in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners.

36. CRIME LAB AIR DRYER & RACK

37. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. wet 5. Air-dry small suspected wet bloodstained objects and submit the objects to a crime laboratory. patterns a. Preserve bloodstain patterns. stain b. Avoid creating additional stain patterns during drying and packaging.

38. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. removal 5. c. Pack to prevent stain removal by abrasive action or packing materials during shipping. paper d. Pack in clean paper. plastic e. Do not store in plastic containers.

39. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. bloodstains 6. When possible, cut a large sample of suspected blood stains from immovable objects with a clean sharp instrument. unstained a. Collect an unstained control sample. removal b. Pack to prevent stain removal by abrasive action or packaging materials during shipping

40. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. paper 6. c. Pack in clean paper. not d. Do not store in plastic containers. dried blood stains on immovable objects clothswab 7. Absorb suspected dried blood stains on immovable objects onto a clean cotton cloth or swab, moistened with distilled water. control a. Leave a portion of the cloth or swab unstained as a control

41. D. Bloodstains D. Bloodstains. Airdry 7. b. Air-dry the cloth or swab and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. not c. Do not store in plastic containers.

42. E. Blood examination request letter E. Blood examination request letter. examination 1. A blood examination request letter should contain the following: statement a. A brief statement of factions relating to the case. Claims b. Claims made by the suspects(s) regarding the source of the blood.

43. E. Blood examination request letter E. Blood examination request letter. animal 1. c. Whether animal blood is present. stains d. Whether stains were laundered or diluted with other body fluids. AIDS e. Information regarding the victim(s)’ and suspect(s)’ health, such as AIDS, hepatitis, or tuberculosis.

44. 7.1.7 Methods of collecting saliva and urine samples A. Basic steps for collecting samples of saliva A. Basic steps for collecting samples of saliva. cotton 1. Use clean cotton swabs to collect saliva samples. surfaces 2. Rub the inside surfaces of the cheeks and gums thoroughly

46. A. Basic steps for collecting samples of saliva A. Basic steps for collecting samples of saliva. cleanpaperenvelope 3. Air dry the swabs and place in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. plastic 4. Do not use plastic containers.

47. B. Saliva on cigarette butts B. Saliva on cigarette butts. cigarette 1. Pick up cigarette butts with gloved hands or clean forceps. Do not submit ashes. cigarette 2. Air dry and place the cigarette butts from the same location (ashtray) in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. ashtray 3. Do not submit the ashtray unless latent print examination is requested.

50. B. Saliva on cigarette butts B. Saliva on cigarette butts. ashtray 4. Package the ashtray separately. not 5. Do not use plastic containers. C. Saliva on chewing gum C. Saliva on chewing gum. gloved 1. Pick up chewing gum with gloved hands or clean forceps. paper envelope 2. Air dry and place in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. plastic 3. Do not use plastic containers.

51. D. Saliva on envelopes and stamps D. Saliva on envelopes and stamps. envelopesstamps 1. Pick up envelopes and stamps with gloved hands or clean forceps and place in a clean envelope. not 2. Do not use plastic containers. crimelaborator 3. Submit to a crime laboratory as soon as possible.

52. SALIVA DNA HAND WRITING ANALYSIS

53. E. Saliva and Urine. 1. Liquid saliva or urine. saliva urine a. Absorb suspected liquid saliva or urine onto clean cotton cloth or swab. control b. Leave a portion of the cloth unstained as a control.

54. SALIVA FINGER PRINT

55. E. Saliva and Urine. clothswab 1. c. Air-dry the cloth or swab and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. not d. Do not use plastic containers. 2. Dry saliva- or urine-stained objects. salivaurine a. Submit suspected small, dry saliva or urine-stained objects to a crime laboratory

56. E. Saliva and Urine. stain 2. b. Pack to prevent stain removal by abrasive action or packaging materials during shipping. paper envelope c. Pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. not d. Do not use plastic containers

57. E. Saliva and Urine. 3. Saliva or urine stains from immovable objects. saliva urine a. When possible, cut a large sample of suspected saliva or urine stains from immovable objects with a clean sharp instrument. control b. Collect an unstained control sample.

58. E. Saliva and Urine. stain 3. c. Pack to prevent stain removal by abrasive action or packaging materials during shipping. paper d. Pack in clean paper. not e. Do not use plastic containers.

59. 7.1.8 Collecting samples of semen stains. Identify the methods of collecting different samples of semen stains.

60. A. Liquid semen A. Liquid semen. semen 1. Absorb suspected liquid semen onto a clean cotton cloth or swab. control 2. Leave a portion of the cloth or swab unstained as a control. Airdry 3. Air-dry the cloth or swab and pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. not 4. Do not use plastic containers.

61. SEMEN SAMPLES

62. B. Dry semen-stained objects B. Dry semen-stained objects. semen 1. Submit small suspected dry semen- stained objects to a crime laboratory. stain 2. Pack to prevent stain removal by abrasive action or packaging materials during shipping. paper 3. Pack in clean paper. not 4. Do not use plastic containers.

63. C. Semen stains from immovable object. semen 1. When possible, cut a large sample of suspected semen stains from immovable objects with a clean sharp instrument. unstained 2. Collect an unstained control sample

64. C. Semen stains from immovable object. stain 3. Pack to prevent stain removal by abrasive action or packaging materials during shipping. paper 4. Pack in clean paper. not 5. Do not use plastic containers.

65. D. Dried semen stains on immovable object. clothswab 1. Absorb suspected dried semen stains on immovable objects onto a clean cotton cloth or swab moistened with distilled water. envelope 2. Leave a portion of the cloth or swab or cloth and place in clean paper or envelope with sealed corners. 3. Do not use plastic containers.

66. E. Seminal evidence from sexual assault victim(s). Sexualassault 1. Sexual assault victim(s) should be medically examined in a hospital or a physician’s office using a standard sexual assault evidence kit to collect vaginal, oral, and anal evidence. Refrigerate 2. Refrigerate samples and submit the evidence to a crime laboratory as soon as possible.

70. 7.1.9 Methods of collecting Hair samples. A. Known hair samples A. Known hair samples. headpubic 1. Thorough random samples should be taken from the head and pubic regions of a suspect (s) and victim (s

71. A. Known hair samples A. Known hair samples. five 2. Twenty-five full-length hairs, pulled and combed from different areas of the head and pubic regions, are generally considered an adequate representation of an individual’s hair characteristics..

73. B. Hairs in the hand of the victims B. Hairs in the hand of the victims. hands 1. Hairs found in the hands of the victim usually belong to the victim. collected 2. Rarely are the hairs similar to the suspect’s known hairs; nevertheless, these must be collected and submitted for analysis.

74. C. Pubic and head combings C. Pubic and head combings. Pubic 1. Pubic and head hair combings should always be taken in violent crimes. fibers 2. Foreign hairs as well as fibers can be recovered from these samples. hat 3. If a hat is recovered at the crime scene and a suspect is identified soon, it may be possible to find fibers similar to those in the hat, in the suspect’s hair.

75. forceps D. Pick up hair carefully with clean forceps to prevent damaging the root tissue. E. Air dry hair mixed with suspected body fluids.

76. paper envelope F. Package each group of hair separately in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. not G. Do not use plastic containers. Refrigerate H. Refrigerate and submit as soon as possible to a crime laboratory.

77. 7.1.10 Methods of collecting tissue, bone, and teeth A. Tissue, bone, and teeth samples A. Tissue, bone, and teeth samples. tissues bonesteeth 1. Pick up suspected tissues, bones, and teeth with gloved hands or clean forceps. skeletal 2. Collect 1-2 cubic inches of red skeletal muscle.

79. 3. Collect 3-5 inches of long bone such as the fibula or femur. teeth a. Collect teeth in the following order: restored b. Non-restored molar. restored c. Non-restored premolar. canine d. Non-restored canine. front e. Non-restored front tooth. molar f. Restored molar.

80. premolar 3. g. Restored premolar. canine h. Restored canine. front i. Restored front tooth. tissue 4. Place tissue samples in a clean, airtight plastic container without formalin or formaldehyde

81. bone 5. Place teeth and bone samples in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners. Freeze 6. Freeze the evidence, place in Styrofoam™ containers, and ship overnight on dry ice.

82. 7.1.11 Collecting DNA Evidence From hats, shoes, sock, fingernails, weapons, and doors and windows.

83. A. Hats A. Hats. hats 1. Package all hats in separate paper bags. baseball 2. Use care when collecting baseball-style caps with adjustable plastic headbands. fingerprints 3. The bands are an excellent source for fingerprints.

84. B. Shoes B. Shoes. fiber 1. An excellent source of fiber evidence, blood stains, and shoe print comparisons. fibers 2. Shoes worn by a suspect can deposit fibers from a vehicle he or she exited at a crime scene and can also pick up fibers from the scene and then deposit them in another location.

85. C. Socks C. Socks. Socks 1. Socks worn by a homicide victim can provide invaluable fiber and hair evidence. surfaces 2. Many times the victim is transported by vehicle. Contact with the interior surfaces of a vehicle can cause hairs and fibers to collect on the socks.

86. C. Socks C. Socks. elimination 3. It may be necessary to obtain elimination samples of carpeting of the victim’s car or residence to avoid the possibility of coincidental match.

87. D. Fingernails D. Fingernails. scraping clipping 1. Use care when scraping or clipping the fingernails of a victim or suspect. medical 2. DNA on the hands or tools of the medical personnel can contaminate the material and influence the DNA results.

88. E. Weapons E. Weapons. trace 1. Weapons recovered at a crime scene should always be searched for trace evidence before processing for fingerprints.

89. F. Doors and Windows F. Doors and Windows. Doorswindows 1. Doors and windows should be searched for trace evidence if they are possible points of entry or exit.

90. 7.1.12 Documenting, collecting, packaging, & preserving DNA Evidence 7.1.12 Documenting, collecting, packaging, & preserving DNA Evidence. A. documentedcollected A. If DNA evidence is not properly documented, collected, packaged, and preserved, it will not meet the legal and scientific requirements for admissibility in a court of law.

91. evidence B. If DNA evidence is not properly documented, origin can be questioned. C. biological C. If DNA evidence is not properly collected, biological activity can be lost. D. decomposition deterioration D. If DNA evidence is not properly preserved, decomposition and deterioration can occur.

92. E. absorptionadherence E. When DNA evidence is transferred by direct or secondary (indirect) means; it remains on surfaces by absorption or adherence. biological 1. In general, liquid biological evidence is absorbed into surfaces, and solid biological evidence adheres to surfaces.

93. E. liquidsolid E.2. Collecting, packaging, and preserving DNA evidence depends on the liquid or solid state, as well as the condition of the evidence. F. integrity F. If evidence retains its original integrity once it reaches a laboratory, there is greater possibility of obtaining useful examinations results

94. G. techniques G. It may be necessary to use a variety of techniques to collect suspected body fluid evidence. H.policy H. Follow Agency policy, procedures, protocol, and/or SOP for documenting, collecting, packaging, and preserving all types of evidence.

95. 7.1.13 Where to submit DNA Evidence A. crimelaboratory A. Submit DNA evidence to a local law enforcement crime laboratory, a private medical facility, or the FBI Crime Laboratory. B.policy SOP B. Always refer to agency policy, procedures, protocols and/or SOP before submitting evidence

96. C.If submitting evidence to the FBI, call (202) 324-4410, prior to submitting the evidence. Also, refer to: FBI, Handbook of Forensic Services, (Revised 1999), pp. 5-10. Websites: www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/handbook/scene 1.htm Websites: www.fbi.gov/programs/lab/handboo k/intro.htm or www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/handbook/scene 1.htm.

97. 7.1.14 Practical Exercise Participant will demonstrate a working knowledge of the process of collecting and preserving DNA evidence; during Crime Scene Processing Practical Exercise.

98. Print out and use this SAMPLE Form to complete your “Practical Exercise” Practice makes us better & more Professional

99. EVIDENCE

100. OUTSIDE CLASS VIEWING REQUIREMENT What Every Law Enforcement Officer Should Know About DNA Evidence Beginning and Advanced Levels Participants will view tonight two CD ROMs developed by the National Institute of Justice, What Every Law Enforcement Officer Should Know About DNA Evidence Beginning and Advanced Levels.

101. RESOURCES Intermediate Crime Scene Search Participant Handout Bexar County Constable Office PCT#4 TEXAS COMMISSION ON LAW ENFORCEMENT Course # 2106 TRAINING SUPPLEMENT Hosted By:

102. Questions?

103. SOURCES DOJ Research Report, Death Investigation: A Guide for the Scene Investigator, November 1999. DOJ Research Report, Eyewitness Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement, October 1999.

104. THANK YOU STAY SAFE STAY SAFE& STAY VILIGANT This PowerPoint and all associated lesson materials herein are the property of BCCO PCT#4