1. Cells & Organelles This is review for a lot of you but based on how well you did on the pre-test I know that you need the review so please take complete notes so you have what you need for the rest of the unit.

2. Cells Smallest unit of life Made up of ORGANELLES
separate part of the cell with a unique function
Two types
Plant Cell
Animal Cell

3. Organelles Nucleus Manages cell functions
Contains the cell’s genetic information
Features:
Contains Nucleolus
makes ribosomes
Found inside the nucleus

4. Organelles Features cont.: Nuclear membrane
Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

5. Organelles Cytoplasm Functions: Allows chemical reactions
Supports organelles (like pieces of fruit in jelly)
Features:
Jelly-like
70-90% water

6. Organelles Cytoskeleton a network of protein fibers Functions:
Gives strength, support & shape to the cell
Provides movement for objects inside cell
Features:
Can be dis- and reassembled to change shape of cell
Acts like a monorail system for transport using “motor proteins.”

7. Organelles Mitochondria Function:
the center of cell respiration/energy processing
Releases energy from covalent bonds of food molecules
Features:
double membranes
own DNA

8. Organelles Cell membrane Function: Controls what enters/exits the cell
Features:
found around outside of cell
Selectively permeable: only allows certain substances in and out of cell.

9. Organelles Feature cont.: made of a phospholipid bilayer
Swap a phosphate for one fatty acid in a triglyceride
Hydrophilic phosphate faces the water
Hydrophobic tails gather together away from water

10. Organelles Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Function:
Makes and transports proteins
Features:
Long membrane “channels”
Attached to nuclear membrane.
Does have ribosomes attached

11. Organelles Ribosomes Function: make proteins for the cell to use
Features:
Some floating free in the cytoplasm
Some attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

12. Organelles Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): Function:
transport and communication
Makes & transports lipids & carbohydrates
Features:
No ribosomes attached
has tubes and canals.

13. Organelles Golgi Complex/Apparatus Function: Makes membranes
creates some products for secretion
Collects, modifies, and packages proteins for storage and/or shipment
Features:
Looks like stacks of pancakes
Many layers of membranes

14. Organelles Vesicles Function: Feature:
Carry finished products to interior or exterior of cell
Feature:
Membranes formed from Golgi

15. Organelles Lysosome Function:
Digest worn out organelles & foreign particles
Destroy bacteria
Remove toxic wastes
Features:
Contain digestive enzymes
About 40 types

16. Organelles Cell Wall Function:
Provides rigid support and structure to plant cells
Features:
Found outside the cell membrane
Made mostly of carbohydrates

17. Organelles Chloroplast Function:
Photosynthesis: convert light energy into chemical energy (stored in covalent bonds of food)
Features:
Contain pigments (like chlorophyll) that help capture light energy
Have own DNA

18. Organelles Vacuole Function: Store water and undigested materials
Features:
Large sac in plants cells
Small in animal cells

19. Animal Cell
Plant Cell