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Asexual Reproduction Production of offspring from one parent

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Presentation on theme: "Asexual Reproduction Production of offspring from one parent"— Presentation transcript:

1 Asexual Reproduction Production of offspring from one parent
Involves mitosis Mitosis – Cell Division - exact duplication of all the chromosomes (# and information) in the nucleus, then separated into 2 identical sets. - occurs in all cells except sex cells Cancer – abnormal mitosis

2 Structure of a double-stranded chromosome

3 chromatid centromere Chromatid – strand of a chromosome
Chromatin – material of a chromatid Centromere – holds strands together Gene – bands of information on chromosome (DNA) chromatid centromere

4

5 Differences in Mitosis between Animal and Plant Cells
Animal Cells - have centrioles - cleavage (cell membrane pinches in – cytokenisis) Plant Cells - no centrioles - no cleavage – cell plate forms (cell wall)

6 Animal cell mitosis – cleavage – pinching in

7 Plant cell mitosis – cell plate formation

8 Result of Mitosis: - 2 identical cells made with the exact chromosome # and information as parent cell – exact replicas.

9 Methods of Asexual Reproduction
-some organisms reproduce asexually (one parent) using the process of mitosis. Binary Fission: equal division of the cytoplasm of the organism. Ex. Ameba, Paramecium One organism splits itself equally and produces 2 new organisms.

10 Binary Fission Paramecium Ameba

11 2. Budding: - unequal division of the cytoplasm (not chromosomes!!!!!) Ex. Hydra and Yeast Hydra Yeast

12 3. Sporulation: - multicellular organisms - spores are released and develop new individuals Bread Mold

13 4. Regeneration: - invertebrates – undifferentiated cells (similar) - development of entire new organism from part of original Ex. Starfish, planaria - replacement of lost structure. Ex. Lobster claw Planaria Starfish

14 5. Vegetative Propagation:
- Asexual Reproduction in Plants (mitosis) - New plants develop from roots, stems and leaves of parent plant. Natural: bulbs, tubers, runners

15 Natural A. Bulbs – enlarged underground stem ex. Onion, garlic, tulip

16 B. Tubers – enlarged underground stem with buds (eyes) ex. Potato

17 C. Runners – stem that runs along the ground. Ex. strawberries

18 Artificial: a. cutting – stem or leaf is placed in soil and a new plant develops Ex. Geranium

19 b. Grafting: - stem of one plant is attached to cut end of another. - No Blending - red rose bush grafted to yellow rose bush produces a plant with red and yellow roses.

20 Results of Asexual Reproduction
offspring are genetically identical to parent Same hereditary material (# and information on chromosomes) Same characteristics

21 Cloning Can occur naturally or artificially
Artificial- Nuclear Transfer Scientists take a parent (body) cell nucleus (DNA) Insert the nucleus into a donor egg cell (the nucleus from the egg was removed) The egg is now implanted into a surrogate female for development The clone will be genetically identical to the organism that the parent cell nucleus came from


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