1. Warm Up Monday November 26, 2012
What is a cycle? Explain in your own words.

2. The Cell Cycle & Cell Division Notes

3. Objectives
Describe the stage of the cell cycle (include DNA replication & mitosis).
Describe the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of an organism.

4. Cell Cycle

5. Animated Cycle

6. Cell Cycle = sequence of growth & division Consists of : Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

7. Cell Division = separation of 1 cell into 2 daughter cells
Involves mitosis & cytokinesis

8. Interphase
= stage of the cell cycle when the cell is not in mitosis (between cell divisions)
LONGEST stage of cell cycle
Period of growth & development
DNA copied (AKA replicated or duplicated)
Cell doubles amount of cytoplasm

9. Interphase: G0 Phase = resting phase AKA Gap Zero
Only occurs in cells that do not divide often or ever

10. Interphase: G1 Phase
= cell increases in mass (organelles) & volume (cytoplasm), protein synthesis occurs
Cell grows & functions normally
AKA “growth phase”

11. Interphase: S Phase = DNA is synthesized & chromosomes are duplicated
S represents synthesis
Synthesis = _________________

12. Interphase: G2 Phase
cell continues growth & prepares for mitosis

13. Cell Cycle: M Phase cell enters Mitosis (cell division)
***Will talk about steps in Mitosis tomorrow

14. Review: Interphase DNA replicated Protein synthesized
- Organelles replicated
- Cell increases in size & volume

15. Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

16. Chromosomes
= super-coiled, thread-like structures located inside the nucleus

17. Chromosome Each made of: Protein
Single molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Passed from parent to offspring
DNA makes you unique

18. Chromosomes Vary in # & shape among living things Each cell has 2 sets
Humans have 23 pairs
Each cell has 2 sets
Came from “mom” & “dad”

19. Cells: 2 Main Types
1. Diploid = cells that contain both sets of homologous chromosomes
23 pairs in humans
Homologous = shows degree of similarity that indicates a common origin
Somatic Cells = body cells
Examples: lung, skin, heart, brain\
Sometimes written as 2N

20. Cells: 2 Main Types
2. Haploid- cells that contain a single set of homologous chromosomes
Are NOT paired
Sometimes written as N
Reproductive (sex) Cells
Examples: sperm & eggs
AKA gametes

21. Summary
Draw a line in your notes and write a 3-5 sentence summary. REMINDER: each sentence must include SPECIFIC information that you learned today.

22. Avid Thinking Strategy
TV Commercial: 30 seconds of fame! # 14 page 11
Directions:
Write a 30 second TV commercial advertising cell cycle/interphase. Use at least 3 scientific terms pertaining to the topic. Draw a picture to go along with your commercial.
Hint: Sell me something I need!!

23. Warm Up Tuesday November 27, 2012
Define cell division in your own words.

24. MITOSIS NOTES

25. Objectives List the stages mitosis.
2) Describe what occurs during each stage of mitosis.

26. Mitosis
= the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

27. Mitosis 1)One type of cell division
2)Results in two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.
3)The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.

28. Mitosis
4) Mitosis allows for growth and replaces worn out or damaged cells.

29. Mitosis can be divided into stages
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase & Cytokinesis

30. Prophase 1.DNA begins to shorten & thicken
2.Now called chromatids / chromosomes
3.Centromeres form
4.Nuclear membrane breaks apart
5.Spindle fibers form

31. Prophase The cell prepares for nuclear division

32. Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

33. Metaphase The cell prepares chromosomes for division
1.Chromatids / chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
2.Centromere attaches to spindle fibers

34. Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

35. Anaphase The chromosomes divide
1.Centromeres divide 2.Spindle fibers shorten 3.Chromatid pairs separate – move to ends of cell 4.Chromatids are now called 5.Each ½ of the pair is now called a chromosome

36. Anaphase

37. Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

38. Telophase The cytoplasm divides
1.Spindle fibers disappear 2.Chromosomes uncoil 3.Nuclear membrane forms 4.Cell divides (cytokinesis)

39. Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

40. Cytokinesis
= the cells chromosomes divide in half forming two new cells.

41. Results of Mitosis
1)2 identical daughter cells 2)Division of nucleus 3)Nuclei are identical to each other 4)Same number & type of chromosomes 2n 2n 2n

42. Asexual Reproduction
=fission, budding, and regeneration in which a new organism is produced from one parent and has DNA identical to the parent organism.

43. Asexual Reproduction 1.Offspring produced from one organism
2.Hereditary information is identical
3.Mitosis is one form of asexual reproduction

44. Mitosis Animation http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
Mitosis Animation

45. Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase                                                             
Prophase                                                             
Metaphase                                                             
Anaphase                                                             
Telophase                                                             

46. Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase                                                             
Prophase                                                             
Metaphase                                                             
Anaphase                                                             
Telophase                                                             

47. Warm Up Wednesday November 28, 2012
List the stages of mitosis in order.

48. Today we will make a mitosis flip book.
Directions: Make a flip book of the different stages of mitosis in an animal cell.
Your book must contain the following pages:
Cover page
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
On each page, draw an animal cell in the phase for that stage.
Label each part of the drawing according to your notes.
Color all drawings.
On each page, DESCRIBE what is happening inside the cell.
NEATNESS and DETAIL count towards your grade!
This will earn you stamps!! Extra stamps= extreme detail and neatness!

49. Warm Up Thursday November 29, 2012
Explain cytokinesis in your own words.

50. Warm Up
Friday November 30, 2012
What is the result of mitosis?

51. You are responsible for any broken equipment!!!
Mitosis Lab
Today we will look at different stages of mitosis through a microscope.
You will look at slides and answer questions on your lab paper.
You are responsible for any broken equipment!!!

52. Warm Up
Monday December 3, 2012
List the process in the picture.

53. MEIOSIS Notes

54. Objectives
1) Recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction.

55. Meiosis
= type of cell division where gametes are formed.

56. Meiosis 1)Second type of Cell Division
2)Gametes (eggs and sperm) are produced.
3)One parent cell produces four daughter cells.
4)Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the original parent cell (haploid)

57. 5)During meiosis, DNA replicates once, but the nucleus divides twice.
Meiosis I
Meiosis II

58. First division of meiosis
Meiosis I
First division of meiosis

59. Interphase
1. DNA is duplicated

60. Prophase 1
1. Each chromosome duplicates and remains closely associated.
2. These are called sister chromatids.
3. DNA shorten & thicken
–Forms chromatids / chromosomes

61. Crossing Over
=portions of the sister chromatids exchange spots. *Allow for Genetic Diversity!

62. Prophase I

63. Prophase I

64. Metaphase 1 1.Chromosomes align at the center of the cell.
2. Centromeres attach to spindle fibers

65. Anaphase 1
1.Chromosome pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together.
2.Move to the ends of the cell.

66. Telophase 1
1. Two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the chromosome pair.

67. Telophase 1
There are now two cells. Both cells have full sets of genetic material (chromosomes)

68. Second Division of Meiosis
Meiosis II
Second Division of Meiosis

69. Prophase 2
1.DNA does NOT replicate 2.Starts with TWO cells instead of one

70. Metaphase 2
3.Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell

71. Anaphase 2
4. Centromeres divide and sister chromatids move separately to each pole.

72. Telophase 2 5.Cell division is complete.
*Four haploid daughter cells are formed.

73. Each with ½ the original number of chromosomes
Telophase 2
Results in 4 cells
Each with ½ the original number of chromosomes

74. In Summary
1) Two cells form during meiosis I 2) In meiosis II, both of these cells form two cells ( total of 4 sex cells/gametes ) 3) Each cell has one-half the number of chromosomes in its nucleus that was in the original nucleus ( N )

75. In Summary
4) When the sperm and egg cells join at fertilization, each contributes 23 chromosomes so the resulting embryo will have the usual 46. 5) Meiosis also allows genetic variation

76. Meiosis

77. Meiosis Animation

78. Warm Up Tuesday December 4, 2012 Define Meiosis in your own words
What is the end result?

79. Mitosis vs. Meiosis Notes

80. Objectives
1) Recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction

81. Sexual Reproduction
= two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity.

82. Zygote
= fertilized cell resulting from the union of gametes ( sperm and egg )

83. Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis
Asexual
Cell divides once
Two diploid daughter cells
Genetic information is identical
Makes somatic cells – body cells 2n
Meiosis
Sexual
Cell divides twice
Four haploid daughter cells
Genetic information is different
Makes gametes – sex cells n

84. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

85. Comparison Animations

86. Venn Diagram Mitosis vs. Meiosis

87. Venn Diagram Mitosis vs. Meiosis

88. Warm Up Wednesday December 5, 2012
List one similarity & one difference between mitosis & meiosis.

89. Warm Up Thursday December 6, 2012 1) Define the term gamete cell.
2) List the two gametes.

90. Warm Up Friday December 7, 2012 1) Define the term somatic cell.
2) List 2 examples.

91. Warm Up
Monday December 10, 2012
List one thing you know about cancer.

92. Cancer

93. Objectives
1) Recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to disease such as cancer.

94. Cancer
= malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division . *In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body.

95. Cancer
10% of cancers are inherited.
90% of cancers are not.

96. Cancer
The University of Texas MD Anderson Center Billions of dollars go to cancer research every year!

97. Cancer
We will work in groups of two to research different types of cancer.
You will be responsible for making a presentation (2-3 minutes) that includes:
1. Information about the cancer
2. Is there treatment?
3. Survival Rate
4. Picture or drawing

98. Warm Up Tuesday December 11, 2012
What happens in the G0 phase of interphase?

99. Warm Up Wednesday December 12, 2012
What happens in the G1 phase of interphase?

100. Warm Up Thursday December 13, 2012
What happens in the S phase of interphase?

101. Warm Up Friday December 14, 2012
What happens in the G2 phase of interphase?