1. By: Jomar B. Pendaliday

2. Introduction basic unit of lifelife Complex arrangement of chemicals discovered by Robert HookeRobert Hooke The word cell comes from the Latin cellula, meaning "a small room“Latin a typical cell size is 10 µm and a typical cell mass is 1 nanogramµmnanogram Cytology-study of cell

3. The cell structure

4. Animal Cell Structures and Functions Nucleus - Large Oval body near the centre of the cell. - The control centre for all activity. - Surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Nucleoplasm - is the protoplasm in the nucleus. - contains genetic material --- > CHROMOSOMES (DNA)

5. Nucleolus - is found in the nucleus. - contains more genetic information (RNA) Cell Membrane - the outer boundary of the cell. - it separates the cell from other cells. - it is porous ---> allows molecules to pass through. Cell Wall ( Plant Cells Only ) - non living structure that surrounds the plant cell. - protects + supports the cell. - made up of a tough fibre called cellulose.

6. Cyto Plasm - cell material outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane. - clear thick fluid. - contains structures called organelles. Vacuoles - are clear fluid sacs that act as storage areas for food, minerals, and waste. - in plant cell the vacuoles are large and mostly filled with water. This gives the plant support. - in animal cells the vacuoles are much smaller.

7. Mitochondria - power house of the cell. - centre of respiration of the cell. - they release energy for cell functions. Chloro Plasts ( Plant cells only ) - contains a green pigment known as chlorophyll which is important for photosynthesis. Ribosomes - tiny spherical bodies that help make proteins. - found in the cyto plasm or attached to the endo plasmic reticulum.

8. Endo Plasmic Reticulum ( ER ) - systems of membranes throughout the cyto plasm. - it connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. - passageway for material moving though the cell. Golgi Bodies - tube like structures that have tiny sacs at their ends. - they help package protein.

9. Lysosomes - " suicide sacs " - small structures that contain enzymes which are used in digestion. - if a lysosome were to burst it could destroy the cell.

10. Similarities Plant cellAnimal cell Nucleuspresent Cytoplasmpresent Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough) present Ribosomespresent Mitochondriapresent Golgi apparatuspresent Microtubules/ microfilaments present flagellapresent

11. Differences Plant cellAnimal cell CillaPresentIt is very rare ShapeRound( irregular shpe)Rectangular(fixed shape) ChloroplastNonePresent VacuoleOne or more small vacuolesOne, large central vacuole taking up to 90% of cell volume CentriolesPresentOnly in lower plants PlastidsNonePresent Cell wallNonePresent Plasma membraneOnly cell membraneCell wall and cell membrane LysosomesLysosomes occur in cytoplasm Lysosomes usually not evident

12. Eukaryotic cell a. The nuclear body is bounded by a nuclear membrane having pores connecting it with the endoplasmic reticulum. It contains one or more paired, linear chromosomes (def) composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated with histone proteins (def)). A nucleolus (def) is present. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed and assembled in the nucleolus. The nuclear body is called a nucleus (def).

13. The cytoplasmic membrane is a fluid phospholipid bilayer containing sterols (def).sterols The membrane is capable of endocytosis (def) (phagocytosis and pinocytosis) and exocytosis (def). The nucleus divides by mitosis (def). Haploid (1N) sex cells in diploid (def) or 2N organisms are produced through meiosis (def). Plant cells, algae, and fungi have cell walls, usually composed of cellulose or chitin. Eukaryotic cell walls are never composed of peptidoglycan (def) Animal cells and protozoans lack cell walls

14. Prokaryotic cell The nuclear body is not bounded by a nuclear membrane It usually contains one circular chromosome (def) composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated with histone-like proteins. There is no nucleolus.The nuclear body is called a nucleoid (def). The cell usually divides by binary fission (def). There is no mitosis. Prokaryotic cells are haploid (def). Meiosis is not needed. Members of the domain Archae have cell walls composed of protein, a complex carbohydrate, or unique molecules resembling but not the same as peptidoglycan.

15. The cytoplasmic membrane ; is a fluid phospholipid bilayer usually lacking sterols. Bacteria generally contain sterol-like molecules called hopanoids. hopanoids The membrane is incapable of endocytosis and exocytosis. There are no chloroplasts. Photosynthesis usually takes place in infoldings or extensions derived from the cytoplasmic membrane. There is no mitosis and no mitotic spindle. They contain actin-like proteins that, along with the cell wall, contribute to cell shape.

16. The end Thank you!!!!