1. Chapter 1 Cells: The Basic Units of Life

2. Levels of Organization
1.) Cells – smallest living thing
2.) Tissues – many cells working together
3.) Organ – many tissues working together
(stomach, heart, lungs, skin)
4.) Organ systems – many organs
working together
(nervous & digestive system)

3. 5.) Organism – many organ systems
6.) Population- same organisms living
in same area
7.) Community- two or more different
populations.
8.) Ecosystem- a community & all the
nonliving things that affect it.
Terrestrial
Aquatic

4. Vocabulary Organism-anything that can live on its own.
Unicellular-a single cell living on its own (ex. bacteria)
Multicellular- many cells living as a group of cells (ex. plants & animals)

5. Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke
Hooke was the first to discover cells in 1665 by looking at a piece of cork.
The invention of the microscope was necessary and lead to the discovery of cells because they are too small to see with the naked eye.

6. Image of Cork Cells

7. Discovery of Cells Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Dutch merchant
He looked at: pond scum, blood, &
yeast in 1673.
He saw small “animals” in pond scum
and called them “animalcules”
Other Facts:
Made own microscope
First to see bacteria
Discovered yeast is unicellular

8. The three people to discover the cell theory are:
Matthias
Schleiden
Theodor
Schwann
Rudolf
Virchow

9. 3 Parts of the Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
All cells come from existing cells.

10. Pd 3

11. Pd 4

12. Two Types of Cell Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells No Nucleus
No membrane-covered organelles
Membrane-covered organelles
Circular DNA
Linear DNA
Example: Bacteria
Example: All cells other than bacteria

13. Eukaryotic Cell

14. Prokaryotic Cell

15. Parts of a Cell

16. Animal Cell
Animal Cell

17. Plant Cell
Plant Cell

18. Organelles
Structures in the cell that perform specific functions within the cell

19. Cell Membrane Protective layer that surrounds all cells
Separates cells from their environment
Controls materials going into & out of the cell

20. Cytoplasm
Jelly-like fluid in the cell
Holds the organelles in place

21. Cytoskeleton Web of proteins in the cytoplasm
Maintains structure of cell

22. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of folded membrane that is used for lipid (fat) transport.
There are no ribosomes

23. Ribosomes Smallest & most numerous organelles
Some float freely in cytoplasm
Some are attached to the Rough ER
Their function is to make proteins out of amino acids

24. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of folded membranes which are covered in ribosomes
Used for protein transport

25. Golgi Complex
Packages lipids and proteins in small bubbles which may be used somewhere else inside or outside of the cell
Looks like smooth ER

26. Vesicle Bubbles that form from the Golgi complex’s membrane
Surrounds material to be moved into or out of a cell

27. Mitochondria
Power house of the cell that breaks down sugar to produce energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
* All The Power

28. Vacuoles
Stores water
Much larger in plant cells than in animal cells

29. Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes
Responsible for digestion and getting rid of waste

30. Nucleus Controls the cell
Contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which is the genetic material that carries information
Surrounded by a nuclear membrane that contains pores

31. Nucleolus
Dark area in the nucleus
Produces ribosomes

32. DNA Inside the nucleus Contain genes in two forms:
Chromatin: (thread-like substance) that DNA is typically shaped like
Chromosomes: (X-shaped substance) that DNA takes the form of when the cell is dividing
Chromatin
Chromosomes

33. Cell Wall
Outermost layer of PLANT cells (as well as fungi and some prokaryotes)
Gives shape & support to cells
Contains cellulose

34. Chloroplasts Green organelle in plant cells only
Responsible for photosynthesis – process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, & water to make sugar & oxygen
Contain chlorophyll

40. Cells Alive!