1. Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 7 Notes
Cell Structure and Function
Sections 7.1 and 7.2

2. Discovery of the Cell Invention of the microscope
-Robert Hooke: used a simple microscope to look at cork in He called what he saw “chambers” or “cells”
-Anton van Leeuwenhoek: used a single lens microscope to observe pond water and found a new world of living things.

3. Cell Theory
After numerous observations, scientists compiled their thoughts to form the cell theory.
The cell theory states:
1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic structure and function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells

4. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Does it have a Nucleus?
Nucleus: membrane bound organelle that contains genetic information (DNA). Controls the cells activities
*HINT*
“U-CARRY-IT” *HAS A NUCLEUS
Eukaryote *has a nucleus
Prokaryote *does NOT

5. Prokaryotes vs. Eurkaryotes
Cells do not contain a nucleus
Cells contain a nucleus
No membrane bound organelles
Membrane bound organelles
DNA is found within (no specific area)
DNA is found in nucleus
Ex: bacteria
Ex: animal cell, plant cell

6. Prokaryote

7. Two Types of Eukaryotes

8. Organelles

9. Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells are divided into two major parts: organelles and cytoplasm.
Organelles are “little organs” with specialized functions.
Cytoplasm (both) is the major portion of the cell outside the nucleus.

10. Nucleus (both) Controls most cell processes
Contains DNA- instructions for life
NUCLEOLUS (both)
Region inside nucleus where assembly of ribosomes begin

11. Nucleus Con’t NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (both) surrounds the nucleus
allows materials to come
in and out
CHROMATIN (both)
Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA

12. Ribosomes (both)
Produce PROTEINS by following coded instructions from the nucleus

13. Endoplasmic reticulum (both)
2 Kinds of ER
SMOOTH= is smooth
ROUGH=has ribosomes on it **“BUMPY”
FUNCTIONS:
Lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled in the ER.
The ER is where proteins and other materials are exported from the cell

14. Golgi apparatus (both)
Function: modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials for storage or secretion
Put the “finishing touches” on proteins before they are ready to leave the “factory”

15. Lysosomes (both) Filled with digestive enzymes FUNCTION:
Break down lipids, carbohydrates, or proteins or break down organelles that are no longer useful.
Clean up the “junk”

16. Vacuoles (both) Sac-like structures that store materials.
“Storage bins”
***It is very large in a plant cell

17. Mitochondria (both) “Powerhouse” of the cells
Convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convient for the cell to use.
Key function: ENERGY or ATP

18. Chloroplasts (plant only)
Only found in plants
Contain chlorophyll
Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis

19. Cytoskeleton (both)
Network of proteins that helps the cell maintain its shape.
Made of Microfilaments and Microtubules
In Animal cells there are CENTRIOLES
They help with cell division