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Structure and Function of Cells
Ch4 p 69 Structure and Function of Cells
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History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells
First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant
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History Anton von Leeuwenhoek – 1673 – Simple Microscopes
Basically a hand lens Looked at water, poop, muscle tissue, bacteria
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History leads to CELL THEORY
Matthias Schleiden – 1838 – All plants are made of cells Theodor Schwann – 1839 – All animals are made of cells All Combine to form the CELL THEORY: All living things are made of one or more cells Cells are the basic unit building block of organisms Cells only come from other cells
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Cells are different Can be big, little, flat, round
A nerve cell can be 2 meters long!
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Cells CAN NOT be that big
Size is limited by its Surface Area to Volume Surface area is the amount of wrapping paper you need to cover a present Volume is how much stuff is inside
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TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS PROKARYOTIC: pro= ‘pre’ EUKARYOTIC:
Has NO nucleus Has NO organelles Smaller EUKARYOTIC: Has a nucleus Has organelles Larger Complex
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Prokaryotic Cell
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Organelles that we care about:
Nuclear envelope Ribosome Flagella Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi DNA Lysosomes Centrioles Cell wall Vacuole Cell membrane Chloroplast Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Nucleolus Cytoplasm
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ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
1. Nucleus Control center Surrounded by nuclear membrane Nuclear Pore – a door to let information out of the nucleus Contains DNA DNA is also known as chromosomes or chromatin Is the actual directions for building the cell and the organism Codes for (instructions) PROTEINS Nucleolus Where ribosomes are made
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ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
2. Mitochondria Changes your food into energy called ATP ‘MIGHTY MITOCHONDRIA’ Where respiration takes place 3. Ribosomes RRR = Ribosomes READ RNA and make Proteins They help direct how to make a protein Can be attached to the ER or floating in the cytoplasm
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ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum Can be smooth – no ribosomes connected Or rough – ribosomes stuck on it Where chemicals and proteins are made and wrapped in a membrane – MAKES THINGS Looks like a warm lava lamp 5. Golgi Apparatus Fixes proteins to be sent out of the cell GOLGI = FEDEX
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ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
6. Lysosomes Break down old cell parts Break down food 7. Cytoskeleton Made of: Microfilaments Microtubules Sticks that provide support Help move parts around the cell, like roads Become SPINDLE FIBERS for cell division
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ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
8. Cilia or Flagella Hair like organelles MOVEMENT 9. Centrioles Helps direct cell division 10. Cell Membrane SEMIPERMEABLE – ‘picky’ Selectively permeable Phospholipid Bilayer
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CELL MEMBRANE 10. Cell Membrane SEMIPERMEABLE – ‘picky’
Selectively permeable Phospholipid Bilayer Hydrophobic tail Hydrophilic head
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ORGANELLES = Plant Cell Parts
11. Vacuole Holds water, and minerals Largest part of the plant cell 12. Cell Wall Structure of the plant 13. Chloroplast PHOTOSYNTHESIS Uses sunlight and carbon dioxide to make glucose
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