1. cluster-research.org A Survey of Cluster Initiatives Göran Lindqvist Institute of International Business Stockholm School of Economics 3rd Regional Conference on Competitiveness Regional Competitiveness Initiative Sofia, Bulgaria 8 June, 2005

2. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 2 Agenda The survey Initiating the CI Activities Organizational structure Measuring impact

3. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 3 The Cluster Initiative Greenbook Results from the 2003 survey (GCIS 2003) are presented in The Cluster Initiative Greenbook Main focus on advanced economies; special case study of Slovenia Available free of charge at: www.cluster-research.org

4. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 4 An online survey

5. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 5 76 participants in transition economies Transition76 Slovenia11 Estonia7 Albania5 Lithuania5 FYR Macedonia5 Armenia<5 Bulgaria <5 Bosnia and Herzegovina <5 Czech Republic <5 Georgia <5 Croatia <5 Hungary <5 Latvia <5 Poland <5 Russia <5 Serbia and Montenegro <5 International <5 Slovenia11 Estonia7 Albania5 Lithuania5 FYR Macedonia5 Armenia<5 Bulgaria <5 Bosnia and Herzegovina <5 Czech Republic <5 Georgia <5 Croatia <5 Hungary <5 Latvia <5 Poland <5 Russia <5 Serbia and Montenegro <5 International <5 EU 15320 Note: Number of complete or partial replies Germany50 Sweden42 UK31 International22 Austria19 Spain16 Finland10 Denmark9 Italy8 Belgium8 Netherlands7 France5 Greece<5 Ireland <5 Luxemburg<5 Portugal<5 Germany50 Sweden42 UK31 International22 Austria19 Spain16 Finland10 Denmark9 Italy8 Belgium8 Netherlands7 France5 Greece<5 Ireland <5 Luxemburg<5 Portugal<5

6. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 6 Cluster initiatives are a recent tool in transition economies

7. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 7 Agenda The survey Initiating the CI Activities Organizational structure Measuring impact

8. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 8 Industry types Apparel, footwear, leather, etc. Biotech, optics, IT, medical, aerospace, finance, etc. Automotive, chemicals, paper, plastics, etc.

9. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 9 Influence in the start-up phase Taking the initiative to start the CI Selecting the initial participants Deciding the initial activities Note: Other parties are not included in graph: academia, IFCs, etc

10. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 10 Industry types Transition only

11. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 11 Cluster profile Transition only

12. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 12 Social capital: trust

13. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 13 Donors step in where trust is low Transition only

14. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 14 Agenda The survey Initiating the CI Activities Organizational structure Measuring impact

15. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 15 Seven groups of activities Joint production Purchasing Logistics Bundled production Supply-chain dev’t HR upgrading Technical training Management training Technical standards Education system Production processes Lobbying Regulations and policy Infrastructure investment Firm formation Incubator services Spin-off promotion Business services Joint R&D Joint R&D projects Intelligence Market intelligence Technical trends Joint sales Joint product branding Joint region branding Joint foreign market promotion

16. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 16 ProductionHR Differences in activities LobbyIntel.SalesFirm formRD

17. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 17 Agenda The survey Initiating the CI Activities Organizational structure Measuring impact

18. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 18 Organizational form

19. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 19 Size: participating companies

20. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 20 Penetration: companies

21. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 21 Sources of funding Transition only

22. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 22 Agenda The survey Initiating the CI Activities Organizational structure Measuring impact

23. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 23 Measuring impact

24. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 24 Measuring impact Transition only

25. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 25 Self-assessment Initiated before 2003 only

26. cluster-research.org A Survey of Cluster Initiatives Göran Lindqvist Institute of International Business Stockholm School of Economics PO Box 6501, S-113 83 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: goran.lindqvist@hhs.se Tel: +46 8 7369524

27. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 27 More than 1400 CIs identified globally 149 10 30 26 34 30 1 199 2 284 25 48 12 25 139 26 310 Number of identified cluster initiatives, 2005

28. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 28 Groups of activities

29. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 29 Respondent search channels Respondent database Donors, Contractors CI contact lists Questionnaire dispatch (e-mail with link) Previous respondents Contact details confirmation Registration (web site) Organization correspondence Other organizations Internet search Invitation to register Website visitors

30. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 30 Survey contents 2005 Descriptive CI data Name, contact details, etc Country/countries Industry categories Type of CI CI structure Role of government, business, academia, donors, contractors Initiation Governance Finance Vision and targets Impact evaluation Objectives and activities Overarching aims Activities performed Scope (e.g. SME focus) Target cluster Strength and sophistication Growth stage (embryonic, mature, mature, declining) Setting Business environment Social capital (trust, cooperation) Policy setting (industrial policy, regional policy) Outcome Economic effect on cluster Activity achievements Organizational success

31. cluster-research.org RCI Regional Conference, 8 June 2005, GL 31 Test Verdana 18 Verdana 20 Verdana 24 Verdana 10 Verdana 12 Verdana 14 Verdana 16 yellowredgreen blue 254050801000 Verdana 10 Verdana 12 Verdana 14 Verdana 16 Verdana 18 Verdana 20 Verdana 24 magentacyan 0.5123