1. Cell Structure & Function

2. Topic: Cell theory
EQ: What are the parts of the cell theory?

3. What is a cell?
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

4. Who first discovered cells?
Robert Hooke discovered the first cells. He built the first microscope. He then viewed cork from an oak tree. This is what he saw.
He thought they looked like the little rooms,
so he called them “cells”

5. What part did microscopes play?
Microscopes allowed scientists to see cells and other things that were too small to be seen with just their eyes.

6. Time passed on….
Better microscopes were built and other scientists began to look for cells in other places……….
After many, many observations a theory was made…..called
The Cell Theory

7. Many scientists contributed to the cell theory.
The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.

8. Cell Theory The three principles of the cell theory:
1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. The cell is the smallest of all life
3. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

9. ISN 52
Create a Cell Theory Bubble map

10. Topic: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

11. 2 Basic Types of Cells Prokaryotes (prokaryotic cells)
Cells that DO NOT have a nucleus
Examples: bacteria
Eukaryotes (eukaryotic cells)
Cells that DO have a nucleus and other organelles
Examples: plant cells and animal cells

12. Prokaryotic Cells

13. Prokaryotic DNA: free-floating, not surrounded by a membrane
Organelles: Not many organelles
Level of organization: One-celled (unicellular)
Size: small

14. Eukaryotic Plant Animal

15. Eukaryotic Cells DNA: surrounded by a membrane
Organelles: Many specialized parts
Level of Organization:
Multicellular: plants, fungi, animals, and protists
Size: larger

16. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

17. Homework

18. Types of Cells

19. “Typical” Plant Cell

20. “Typical” Animal Cell

21. Cell Parts
Organelles

22. Topic: Cell Organelles (Shape and movement EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles.

23. Shape and movement
Parts of a cell have unique functions. A cell is made up of different structures that keep it alive. They each have a different job.

24. What is an organelle?
An organelle is a part of the cell that has a specific job. They are little organs or parts inside of a cell.

25. What is the Nucleus? Directs cell activities (Boss of the cell)
Contains genetic material – DNA
Found in Plant and Animal Cells

26. What is the cell membrane?
Flexible covering
Protects and controls movement in and out of the cell
Found in plant & animal cells. It only allows certain materials to pass (selectively permeable)

27. What is a cell wall? Only in plants
A stiff structure outside the cell membrane.
Adds support & helps the plant keep its shape.

28. What is the cytoskeleton?
A network of threadlike proteins that are joined together and help give the cell its shape and help it move.

29. Cut out table on pg. 65 and glue in your ISN 56
Directions
Cut out table on pg. 65 and glue in your ISN 56

30. Movement of materials in a cell
EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles.

31. How do materials move in and out of the cell?
Two processes:
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis

32. What is Cytoplasm?
A fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules.
Surrounded by cell membrane

33. What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Diffusion moves ALL KINDS of materials in/out of cells

35. What does diffusion look like?

36. What is osmosis? The diffusion of water molecules through a membrane
This process refers to transferring only WATER in/out of cells

37. What does osmosis look like?

38. Why is osmosis and diffusion important?
Both of these processes allows for things the cell need (water, nutrients, etc.) to get in and wastes have a way to leave out.

39. Double-Bubble
What is diffusion? What is osmosis? Where did you get this information?
osmosis
diffusion

40. Topic: Cells Energy and Storage
EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles

41. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Mitochondria
Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Energy formation
Breaks down food to make ATP
ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

42. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

43. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Vacuoles
Function: stores water
Only in plant cells
This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant wilts

44. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

45. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Chloroplasts
Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell
Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment
Found only in plant cells

46. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

47. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

48. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

49. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

50. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

51. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell

52. Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

53. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

54. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

55. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape

56. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place