1. Cells II
Cells Part II

2. Cell Theory
The cell is the smallest unit of life. The cell carries out all life processes
All organisms are made from one or more cells. CellsTissuesOrgansSystemsOrganism
Cells arise from pre-existing cells. DNA in each cell contains all the information necessary to produce offspring

3. All cells have: Cell membrane Surrounds, contains, protects Cytoplasm
“Cell gel” fills interior of cell
Ribosomes
Help make proteins for cells
DNA
Contains instructions for cell

4. Two Categories of Cells
Prokaryotes
“Before” nucleus
Simple structure
Bacteria
Archaebacteria
Eukaryotes
True nucleus holds DNA
Many cell parts with special functions
One cell or multicellular organisms
Plants! Animals! Fungi! Single-cell organisms!

5. Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells

6. Eukaryotic cells have organelles that perform special functions:
Manufacture cell products
Breakdown & maintenance
Convert energy
Movement, support
Communication

7. Think as you study cell parts:
What does it look like?
What is its function?
What other organelles does it work with?
How does the structure of this organelle allow it to do its job?
Is it in Animals? Plants? Other?

8. “Generic” Animal Cell

9. Boundary / Protection

10. Cell Membrane: Controls what goes in and out

12. Cytoplasm / Cytosol: Cell Gel
Pancreas cell
Cytoplasm / Cytosol: Cell Gel
Cytoplasm fills cell
Organelles are suspended in matrix

13. Information

14. Nucleus: Control Center for the Cell

15. Contains DNA packaged into chromosomes

16. Nucleus is connected to important endomembrane structures

18. Manufacturing

19. Ribosomes: Workbench for making proteins

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Internal transport system of cell

22. 2 forms of ER: Ribosomes attached to ER give it a rough appearance
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Ribosomes attached to ER give it a rough appearance
Helps synthesize proteins
Transports proteins within cell
Transports
Stores calcium
Involved in making lipids

23. Golgi body: Packages and Ships Cell products

25. Protein Synthesis
Making proteins is one of the most important jobs of the cell!

26. Maintenance

27. Lysosomes: Clean up crew; Baggies of powerful digestive enzymes get rid of old cell parts, bacteria

29. Energy production

30. Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell
Extract energy from glucose to provide energy for cell functions

32. Structure and movement

33. Cytoskeleton
Blue - nucleus

34. 3 sizes of fibers form skeleton of cell Produce shape & create movement

35. Plant Cells

36. Plant Cell

37. Plants have specialized organelles not found in animal cells:
Rigid cell wall: support
Chloroplasts: capture energy from sun
Large vacuole: storage (water, sugars)

38. Chloroplast: Use sunlight to make sugars
Photosynthesis

39. Chloroplasts

41. Plant Cell Vacuole: Stores water and food

42. Plant Cell Walls: Support and Protection

44. A few examples of specialized cells
from complex organisms