1. 10.1 Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction

2. Limits to Cell Size Cell Division – 2 daughters
Large cells, more demands
What is information overload?
Exchanging materials
Surface area to vol. ratio
Trouble getting in and out
Cell Division – 2 daughters

3. Cell Division and Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
One parent
No Fuss, No Muss
Quick and Efficient (Survival)
Sexual Reproduction
Two Parents
Gametes (sex cells)
Genetic Variation
Limit seasonal reproduction

4. 10.2 The Process of Cell Division

5. Chromosomes Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Why is it necessary for cells to have their info bundled?
What is the role of the chromosome in cell division?
To separate DNA precisely during cell division
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Amt. of DNA – Where located
DNA Coils
Histone proteins

6. The Cell Cycle Grows Prepares for Division
Divides (two daughter cells)
Prokaryotes
Rapid (binary fission)
Copy DNA (when they reach a certain size)

7. The Cell Cycle Eukaryotes Four phases G1 phase Cell Growth S phase
DNA replication
G2 phase
Prep for Mitosis
M phase
Mitosis and Cytokinesis

8. Mitosis Prophase Condense, chromosomes visible, spindle
Centromere (chrom. Attach.)
Chromatid (sisters)
Centrioles (related to spindle)

9. Mitosis Metaphase Anaphase Centromeres line up in the center
Spindles attach to centromeres
Two poles
Anaphase
Chromatids separate
Move to opposites ends

10. Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Telophase (end of mitosis)
Opposite of Prophase
Chromosome spread out
Nuclear envelope reappears
Spindle breaks up
Nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis
Div. of cytoplasm
Plants vs. Animals
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

11. 10.3 Regulating the Cell Cycle

12. Controls on Cell Division
Regulated by Proteins
When you have an injury cells must divide to repair
Regulatory Proteins or cyclins.
Internal regulators
External regulators
(IR) Make sure chromosomes are duplicated
(IR)Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
Development
Parkinson’s
(ER) Growth Factors – due to injury
(ER) Growth Inhibitors so cells do not get too crowded

13. Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Growth
Disorder where cells lose control of growth
Do not respond to normal signals
Tumor – not all are cancerous
Malignant or Benign
Defective genes (p53)
Treatments
Local, radiation, chemotherapy

14. 10.4 Cell Differentiation

15. From One Cell to Many Embryo – Developmental stage
Differentiation – cells specialized
Can be mapped
Determines when a cell becomes specialized
Mammals have factors that give them flexibility as to when specialization occurs

16. Stem Cells and Development
Types of cells in Development
Totipotent (all cells)
Blastocyst forms
Inner cell mass
Pluripotent (most cells)
Embryonic stem cells
Multipotent (many types)
Adult stem cells
Depends on where the come from