1. Modifiers 11 English Grammar Review

2. Degrees of Comparison The positive form of comparison makes no comparison. Ex: Atlas Fitness Center is a good facility. The positive form of comparison makes no comparison. Ex: Atlas Fitness Center is a good facility. The comparative form compares two persons, places, or things. Ex: Shamrock Fitness Center is better than Atlas. The comparative form compares two persons, places, or things. Ex: Shamrock Fitness Center is better than Atlas. The superlative form compares three or more persons, places, or things. Ex: Health Bridge Fitness Center is the best in the area. The superlative form compares three or more persons, places, or things. Ex: Health Bridge Fitness Center is the best in the area.

3. Regular Comparisons For one-syllable words, add er or est. Ex: stronger, strongest For one-syllable words, add er or est. Ex: stronger, strongest For many two-syllable words, add er or est. Ex: healthier, healthiest For many two-syllable words, add er or est. Ex: healthier, healthiest For most words or more than two syllables and adverbs ending in ly, use more or most. Ex: more flexible, most flexible For most words or more than two syllables and adverbs ending in ly, use more or most. Ex: more flexible, most flexible

4. Absolutes Some modifiers are absolutes, words that cannot be compared. Ex: unique, complete, total Some modifiers are absolutes, words that cannot be compared. Ex: unique, complete, total

5. Now You Try Complete questions 1-11 and 1-10 on page 131 of your grammar workbook. Complete questions 1-11 and 1-10 on page 131 of your grammar workbook.

6. Double Comparisons Do not use both er and more at the same time to form a comparative or both est and most at the same time to form a superlative. Ex: Math is more harder than science. Math is harder than science. Do not use both er and more at the same time to form a comparative or both est and most at the same time to form a superlative. Ex: Math is more harder than science. Math is harder than science.

7. Illogical Comparisons Use the word other or else to compare an individual with the rest of its group. Ex: Basketball can result in more injuries than any sport. Basketball can result in more injuries than any other sport. Use the word other or else to compare an individual with the rest of its group. Ex: Basketball can result in more injuries than any sport. Basketball can result in more injuries than any other sport.

8. Incomplete Comparisons Complete whatever comparison you are making. When you are making a compound comparison, use than or as after the first modifier to avoid an incomplete comparison. Ex: Young people recover more quickly from injuries. Young people recover more quickly from injuries than older people do. Complete whatever comparison you are making. When you are making a compound comparison, use than or as after the first modifier to avoid an incomplete comparison. Ex: Young people recover more quickly from injuries. Young people recover more quickly from injuries than older people do.

9. Now You Try Complete questions 1-6 and 1-3 on page 133 of your grammar workbook. Complete questions 1-6 and 1-3 on page 133 of your grammar workbook.

10. This/That, These/Those, Them These words must agree in number with the words they modify. Ex: This headache is painful. These kinds of medicines are useless. These words must agree in number with the words they modify. Ex: This headache is painful. These kinds of medicines are useless. Never use here or there with one of these words. They already point out which one; they do not need any help. Ex: This here migraine hurts even my teeth. This migraine hurts even my teeth. Never use here or there with one of these words. They already point out which one; they do not need any help. Ex: This here migraine hurts even my teeth. This migraine hurts even my teeth.

11. This/That, These/Those, Them Never use the pronoun them as an adjective in place of these or those. Ex: Stress often contributes to them attacks. Stress often contributes to those attacks. Never use the pronoun them as an adjective in place of these or those. Ex: Stress often contributes to them attacks. Stress often contributes to those attacks.

12. Good/Well, Bad/Badly Good – adjective, well – adverb Ex: A good workout may leave you sore. That routine works well. Good – adjective, well – adverb Ex: A good workout may leave you sore. That routine works well. Bad – adjective; predicate adjective badly – adverb Ex: Tina has a bad ankle. Tina felt bad today. She ran badly. Bad – adjective; predicate adjective badly – adverb Ex: Tina has a bad ankle. Tina felt bad today. She ran badly.

13. Misplaced Modifier A misplaced modifier is a word or phrase that is placed so far away from the word it modifies that the meaning of the sentence in unclear or incorrect. Ex: The doctor explained how to help migraine sufferers at a recent convention. At a recent convention, the doctor explained how to help migraine sufferers. A misplaced modifier is a word or phrase that is placed so far away from the word it modifies that the meaning of the sentence in unclear or incorrect. Ex: The doctor explained how to help migraine sufferers at a recent convention. At a recent convention, the doctor explained how to help migraine sufferers.

14. Dangling Modifiers A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that does not clearly modify any noun or pronoun in a sentence. Ex: Learning how to relax, my migraines improved. As I learned how to relax, my migraines improved. A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that does not clearly modify any noun or pronoun in a sentence. Ex: Learning how to relax, my migraines improved. As I learned how to relax, my migraines improved.

15. Double Negatives A double negative is the use of two or more negative words to express a single negation. A double negative is the use of two or more negative words to express a single negation. Hardly, barely, and scarcely function as negatives. Hardly, barely, and scarcely function as negatives. Ex: I cannot hardly imagine what migraines must be like. I cannot imagine what migraines must be like.

16. Now You Try Complete questions 1-5 on page 136 and questions 1-10 on page 137 of your grammar workbook. Complete questions 1-5 on page 136 and questions 1-10 on page 137 of your grammar workbook.