1. Infection Control 101

2. Infection Control Nosocomial vs. HAIs Standard Precautions
“Protective environment” to prevent HAIs
PPE (latex precautions)
Biohazard Waste
Transmission-based Isolation Precautions

3. Nosocomial vs. Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs)
Nosocomial - Infections acquired 72 hours after admission to a hospital
HAIs infections associated with healthcare delivery in any setting

4. Standard precautions
Infection control process that apply to all patients, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status
Based on the principle that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions excluding sweat, non-intact skin and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents

5. Standard precautions Hand hygiene
PPE depending on the anticipated exposures
4 Additional Areas of Practice

6. Standard precautions Four “added” areas of practice:
Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette
Safe Injection Practices (re-emphasized)
Use of masks for insertion of catheters or injections into the spinal or epidural spaces
Use of a set of prevention measures termed Protective Environment, to prevent HAIs (e.g., measures to decrease fungi in the environment; spatial distance >3 ft)

7. PPE – Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves clean vs. sterile
Masks
Gowns
Booties
Hairnets and surgical caps
Goggles

8. Biohazard Waste Defined
Any solid or liquid waste which may present a threat
of infection to humans. It may include specimen
containers, blood soaked bandages or dressings,
and bloody gloves.
Materials and substances found in laboratory and hospital waste which may contain disease-causing agents, such as tissue specimens, cultures, culture dishes and slides,
body fluids, blood or blood products, sharps, and needles.

9. Red Bag Waste Disposal
Absorbant materials saturated with blood or bloody fluids,
such as bandages, gauzes, sponges, lap sponges;
Non-absorbant disposable devices contaminated with
blood or blood-contaminated body fluids, such as filled suction container liners, transfusion bags , IV tubing,
drainage tubes;
Blood, blood products, excretions, secretions, tissue and
body parts contaminated with blood.

10. Sharps Container Waste
Needles
Scalpels
Blades
Glass or plastic
slides
Culture tubes, dishes
Disposable Razors,
Disposable Scissors,
Broken glass ampules

11. Red Bag and Sharps Containers
Sharps containers must be leak-proof, rigid, puncture-resistant,
and not easily opened once sealed. They must be labeled
BIOHAZARD with International Symbol.
Must also be labeled with Facility address and phone number.
(When Container 3/4 full, place DATE on container and replace).
The Red “Infectious Waste” Bag must be plastic, impervious
to moisture, strong enough to resist ripping, tearing or bursting.
Bags must be securely tied when placed in storage.
Must be labeled BIOHAZARD with International Symbol.

12. Point of Origin
The healthcare professional generating the waste is responsible
for its safe and proper disposal, and segregation at point of origin
Biohazard waste mixed with chemical waste must be handled
and disposed of as hazardous waste; waste contaminated
by chemotherapy waste, must be handled and disposed
of as chemotherapy waste. Waste contaminated with
radioactive material must be handled and disposed of as
radioactive waste.
Biohazard Waste storage closets shall be visibly marked
and inaccessible to the public.

13. Protect Yourself... Keep bags AWAY from your body when carrying
When handling, transporting and disposing of Biohazard
Red Bag or Sharps Containers Waste:
Keep bags AWAY from your body when carrying
Wear latex, vinyl or rubber gloves UNDER heavy duty reusable work gloves
Practice good hand hygiene: Wash with soap and water and/or
use Alcare regularly and before break, eating, smoking, drinking, going home.
Wear a face shield or goggles when tossing bags into
biohazard bin and outdoor dumpster
Cover bin in transit
Wear a disposable apron if chance of contamination of clothing
Report any “stick” or splash to Employee Health Nurse ASAP
Ask about getting a Hepatitis B Vaccine

15. Transmission-based ISOLATION
Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Protective

16. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
Gloves and gowns are required for ALL direct and indirect contact
Strict Handwashing technique
Handwashing + Alcohol Hand Rinse
Additional PPE as indicated
Visitors MUST wash hands BEFORE leaving.

17. DROPLET PRECAUTIONS Private room – door closed
Regular masks when within 3 feet of patient
With infective material will need:
Gloves
Gowns

18. DROPLET PRECAUTIONS HANDWASHING Contaminated items
After touching Patient
After touching Potentially contaminated items
Before taking care of another patient
Contaminated items
Discard
Bag and Label before being sent for decontamination and reprocessing .

19. AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
Private room – Negative Pressure Required (AIIR = Airborne Infection Isolation Room)
HEPA Masks required at ALL times
Contact with infective items/material require
Gowns
Gloves
Handwashing
After touching patient
After handling potentially contaminated items
Before caring for another patient

20. AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS Pts. wear mask when leaving the room
Contaminated Items
Discard
Bag and Label before decontamination/reprocessing

21. Protective Isolation Used with immune compromised/susceptible patients
Private room – full PPE
Pts. wear mask when leaving the room

22. Let’s Practice