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2. Printed Book Reference page:
Levitan, I.B. & Kaczmarek, L.K. (1991). The Neuron: Cell and Molecular Biology (pp ). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
In text:
(Levitan & Kaczmarek, 1991)
Levitan and Kaczmarek (1991) claim that…
Reference page:
Levitan, I.B. & Kaczmarek, L.K. (1991). The Neuron: Cell and Molecular Biology ( ). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
In text:
(Levitan & Kaczmarek, 1991)
Levitan and Kaczmarek (1991) claim that…

3. From a database:
10. Add CART mRNA expression in rat monkey and human brain: relevance to cocaine abuse. (eng; includes abstract) By Fagergren P, Physiology & Behavior [Physiol Behav], 2007 Sep 10; Vol. 92 (1-2), pp ; PMID:
Reference page:
Fagergren, P. (2007). CART mRNA expression in rat monkey and human brain: Relevance to cocaine abuse. Physiology & Behavior, 92,
In text:
… in the rat brain (Fagergren, 2007). Other areas were not ….
According to Fagergren, the social influence…

4. Thomas et al. (2007) found that…
Title:
Fibromuscular dysplasia in association with intrauterine cocaine exposure.Find More Like This
Author(s):
Thomas KR; Thomas SP; Hewan-Lowe KO; Pestaner JP
Author's Address:
Department of Pathology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University and Pitt County Memorial Hospital, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
Source:
Cardiovascular Pathology: The Official Journal Of The Society For Cardiovascular Pathology [Cardiovasc Pathol] 2007 Sep-Oct; Vol. 16 (5), pp Date of Electronic Publication: 2007 Feb 21.
Publication Type:
Case Reports; Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Information:
Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: (Print) NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cardiovasc. Pathol. Subsets: MEDLINE
MeSH Terms:
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects* Cocaine-Related Disorders/*complications Fibromuscular Dysplasia/*diagnosis Autopsy; Cocaine-Related Disorders/pathology; Coronary Vessels/pathology; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fibromuscular Dysplasia/etiology; Fibromuscular Dysplasia/pathology; Fibrosis; Humans; Infant; Male; Pregnancy; Renal Artery/pathology; Vertebral Artery/pathology
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic disease of small- and medium-sized arteries, involving one or more vascular beds. Patients may present with a range of symptoms, which may not readily lead to a diagnosis of FMD. While maternal cocaine abuse during pregnancy has previously been associated with vascular alterations in the fetus, an association specifically with FMD has not previously been described. METHODS/RESULTS: In this case report, a 21-month-old male presented with a 3-week history of daily vomiting, with temporary improvement of symptoms, then relapse followed by loss of consciousness. His medical history was significant only for maternal cocaine use. Clinical evaluation revealed dilated cardiomyopathy, and a presumptive diagnosis of myocarditis was rendered. Respiratory arrest and death occurred 2 days after admission. Postmortem examination demonstrated intimal-type multivessel FMD, which was determined to be the cause of the clinical presentation. CONCLUSION: Without a postmortem examination, it is unlikely that a diagnosis of intimal fibroplasia, a rare variant of FMD (5% of cases), would have been made. This case thus illustrates the continuing utility of the classic postmortem examination. More intriguingly, the case suggests a possible relationship between in utero cocaine exposure and the development of fibromuscular dysplasia in the child.
Entry Date(s):
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PMID:
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Database:
MEDLINE
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Thomas, K.R., Thomas, S.P., Hewan-Lowe, K.O., & Pestaner, J.P. (2007). Fibromuscular dysplasia in association with intrauterine cocaine exposure. Cardiovascular Pathology, 16,
In text:
… leads to brain damage (Thomas et al., 2007). In conclusion, the evidence….
Thomas et al. (2007) found that…

5. If print version:
Berti, A., Bottini, G., Gandola, M., Pia, L., Smania, N., Stracciari, A., et al. (2005). Shared cortical anatomy for motor awareness and motor control. Science, 309,
If retrieved from electronic source:
Berti, A., Bottini, G., Gandola, M., Pia, L., Smania, N., Stracciari, A., et al. (2005). Shared cortical anatomy for motor awareness and motor control. Science, 309, Retrieved March 13, 2009, from
In text:
(Berti et al., 2005)
Berti et al. (2005) discovered…

6. Kim, A. (2008, Fall). Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt. In E. N. Zalta (Ed
Kim, A. (2008, Fall). Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy . Retrieved January 12, 2009, from