1. Babesiosis
演讲：陈嘉俊
组员：刘宇杰 陈业谋 叶锦辉

2. Brief Introduction of Babesiosis
Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with Babesia(Tick-borne), it is also called Tick fever,Red water,Texas fever,etc.one of the Piroplasmosis.
Babesia are thought to be the second most common blood parasites of mammals(most commom in cattle and horse) and they can have a major impact on health of domestic animals in areas without severe winters.
Human babesiosis is uncommon, but reported cases have risen recently because of expanded medical awareness.

3. Babesia spp. in cattle Babesia bigemina B. bovis B. ovata
B. orientalis

4. Morphology
B. bigemina(Giemsa stain)

5. B. bovis

6. Comparison of four Babesia sp.
B. bigemina
B. bovis
B. ovata
B. orientalis
Size +
4.5*2.0μm -
2.0*1.5μm
3.57*1.71μm
shape
梨籽形、圆形、椭圆形、不规则形
梨籽形、圆形、椭圆形、不规则形、圆点形
梨籽形、卵形、卵圆形、出芽形
梨籽形、环形、椭圆形、边虫形、杆状
Number in the RC.
1-2,seldom 3+
1-3
1-2, or 4

7. Life cycle
Both Babesia species are single cell organisms that develop in the erythrocytes of cattle and are transmitted by tick . The life cycle includes four steps as follows :
Binary fission of trophozoites occurs in the erythrocytes of the bovine host ;
Trophozoites ingested by female ticks undergo growth and multiplication in the epithelial cells of the gut ,
producing vermiculate bodies that enter the cells of the Malpighian tubules and repeat fission ;
then enter and accumulate in developing eggs.

8. ③Vermicules in the yolk migrate to the gut epithelium of the larval ticks , grow ,undergo multifission , and are released into the hemolymph ;
④The vermicules invade the salivary glands of newly formed nymphal ticks , grow and divide by multifission to from vermiculate progeny that are injected into the vertebrate host by feeding nymphs and subsequent developmental stages of the ticks.

9. Epidemiology
Babesiosis was prevalent in many countries of the world, and their occurrence and prevalence are closely related to activities of the tick.
Seasonality
Endemicity
Natural nidus

10. Babesiosis of cattle are various from different age and strain
Babesiosis of cattle are various from different age and strain. Here are the differences between younger cattle and adult cattle.
Younger cattle
Adult cattle
Morbidity
high
low
Symptom
light
obvious
Mortality

11. B. bigemina and B. bovis
Prevalent province: Gansu,Henan,Shanxi,Zhejiang,Jiangsu, Xizang,Yunan,Guizhou,Hubei,Hunan, Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,Anhui,Shandong,Liaoning
Vector:Boophilus microplus
Transmission:transovarian transmission
B. bigemina is transmitted by next nymph and adult, B. bovis is transmitted by next larva.

12. B. Orientalis and B. ovata
Prevalent province: Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Jiangsu, Anhui,etc.
Vector:Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
Transovarian transmittion
B. orientalis is transmitted by next adult.
B. ovata
Vector:Haemaphysalis longicornis
Transmitted by next larva,nymph and adult.

13. Pathogenesis
The parasites develop in erythrocyte→bacause of mechanical injury and nutrition loss → plenty of erythrocyte are damaged → cause hemolytic anaemia → pale mucosa and jaundice

14. decrease of erythrocyte and hemoglobin→lack of oxygen →oxidation-reduction reaction is destroyed→dysbolism and acid-base imbalance→denaturation of cells, and even necrosis, resulting in tissue edema and extravasated blood

15. accumulation of toxin and metabolites →act on central nervous system and  antagonistic system →temperature adjustment function disabled and disorder of antagonistic function →cause ardent fever and coma

16. Symptoms Incubation period:10-15 d
fever, 40-42℃,depression,decreased eppetite, pulse and respiratory accelerating, light diarrhea, rumination delayed or stopped.
emaciation
pale mucosa
jaundice
haemoglobinuria
lactation decrease or stop
abortion.

17. Lesions hemolytic anemia（溶血性贫血） pale mucosa.
yellowing of the visible mucusa (icterus)
hemoglobinuria
Hepatomegalia
splenomegaly

18. Diagnosis 1、stained blood smear
2、serological examination（including：IHA、ELISA）
3、post mortem examination
4、gene diagnosis（for example: PCR)

19. Treatment and Prevention
1.diminazene
2.acriflavine
3.imidocarb
4.quinuronium sulfate

20. Prevention
1.killing ticks
2.medication prevention
3.vaccination

21. End
thank you!