1. A Tale of Two Capitols – Beijing, PRC and Washington, USA Summary by Thomas A. Cahill, Professor of Physics (recalled) and Atmospheric Sciences (emeritus) and Head, DELTA * Group, University of California, Davis 95616 (530) 752 4674 also 752 1120 tacahill@ucdavis.edu http://delta.ucdavis.edu * Detection and Evaluation of Long-range Transport of Aerosols

2. PM 10 Mass Beijing –July 2008 BBC data 129.4  g/m 3 (note: no dust storms) Washington – 1992 IMPROVE data 26.5  g/m 3 – 1995 IMPROVE data 26.8  g/m 3 References Malm, W.C., Sisler, J.F., Huffman, D., Eldred, R.A. and Cahill, T.A.. Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States. 1994 Journal of Geophysical Research, VOL. 99, No. D1, 1347-1370, January 20, 1994 Eldred, Robert A. and Thomas A. Cahill. Trends in elemental concentrations of fine particles at remote sites in the United States. 1994 Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 1009-1019. –Note: 1992 was about the peak of the US regional sulfate haze prior to improvements from the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1991. For ACE- Asia, Seinfeld, J.H., Carmichael, G.R., Arimoto, R, Conant, W. C., Brechtel, F. J., Bates, T. S., Cahill, T. A., Clarke, A.D., Flatau, B.J., Huebert, B.J., Kim, J., Markowicx, K.M., Masonis, S.J., Quinn, P.K., Russell, L.M., Russell, P.B., Shimizu, A., Shinozuka, Y., Song, C.H., Tang, Y., Uno, I., Vogelmann, A.M., Weber, R.J., Woo, J-H., Zhang, Y. ACE-Asia: Regional Climatic and Atmospheric Chemical Effects of Asian Dust and Pollution, Bulletin American Meteorological Society 85 (3): 367+ MARCH 2004

3. Major Species  g/m 3 (micrograms per cubic meter of air) Major Species (PM 2.5 )Washington 1992 (IMPROVE) Beijing 2001 (ACE- Asia) Mass 19.2  g/m 3 > 51.5  g/m 3 Ammonium Sulfate 10.1  g/m 3 11.0  g/m 3 Ammonium nitrate 2.2  g/m 3 not available Organic matter, Carbon soot 4.8 OC  g/m 3, 1.2  g/m 3 EC not available Soil (non dust storm) 0.7  g/m 3 40.5  g/m 3 (129.2  g/m 3 In 6 dust storms)

4. Major Species  g/m 3 (micrograms per cubic meter of air) Major Species (PM 2.5 )Washington 1995 (IMPROVE) Beijing 2001 (ACE- Asia) Mass 19.2  g/m 3 > 51.5  g/m 3 Ammonium Sulfate 7.5  g/m 3 11.0  g/m 3 Ammonium nitrate 2.2  g/m 3 not available Organic matter, Carbon soot 4.6 OC  g/m 3, 1.6  g/m 3 EC not available Soil (non dust storm) 0.89  g/m 3 40.5  g/m 3 (129.2  g/m 3 In 6 dust storms)

5. Trace metals ng/m 3 (= 1/1000  g/m 3 ) Species (PM 2.5 )Washington 1992 (IMPROVE) Beijing 2001 (ACE- Asia) Vanadium (oil combustion) 4.5 ng/m 3 4.2 ng/m 3 Lead (mostly autos? 12.6 ng/m 3 4,323.6 ng/m 3 Selenium, Mercury (coal combustion) 2.2 ng/m 3; < 1 ng/m 3 27.1 ng/m 3 ; 232.5 ng/m 3 (no std) Copper, Zinc (industrial) 3.9 ng/m 3 ; 21 ng/m 3 110.5 ng/m 3, 439.3 ng/m 3 Arsenic (industrial) 0.3 ng/m 3 24.9 ng/m 3

6. Trace metals ng/m 3 (= 1/1000  g/m 3 ) Species (PM 2.5 )Washington 1995 (IMPROVE) Beijing 2001 (ACE- Asia) Vanadium (oil combustion) 4.3 ng/m 3 4.2 ng/m 3 Lead (mostly autos? 6.3 ng/m 3 4,323.6 ng/m 3 Selenium, Mercury (coal combustion) 2.3 ng/m 3; < 1 ng/m 3 27.1 ng/m 3 ; 232.5 ng/m 3 (no std) Copper, Zinc (industrial) 4.8 ng/m 3 ; 19.4 ng/m 3 110.5 ng/m 3, 439.3 ng/m 3 Arsenic (industrial) 0.83 ng/m 3 24.9 ng/m 3