1. Toxicity Clearly a critical issue – Small currents should not produce toxicity Currently testing for silver toxicity – Utilizing toxicity specialist at NCSU’s College of Veterinary Medicine – Device has been design and fabricated – Testing will begin shortly

2. Test of Other Bacteria Currently testing super bugs – MRSA – VRE – C. Dif – Cipro-resistant e. coli – Asperillus – Acinetobacter baumannii – Pseudomonas aeruginosa

3. Long lasting and controlled release The hip implant would last for as much as 10 years running constantly Ion release can be regulated by increasing or decreasing current Device can be turned ON and OFF as required

4. An almost ready for market product ACE treatment on a polycarbonate hard surface. Hospital cafeteria trays could be made very inexpensively using this concept almost immediately.

5. Other highly problematic targets KeyboardMouse

6. Many Touch Surface Opportunities

7. Technology Competitors Safer, longer lasting, and more effective *BioguardCB NANOVER TM

8. Animal Testing

9. Early Rat Testing Results 37 animals were used 29 survived surgery and 1-2 weeks of recovery 9 - 16 rats were used as control – all had osteomyelitis Developed the required protocol to infect a rat tibia, and then install a device that was bactericidal

10. Animal Test Results Established a protocol for inserting our device into the tibia of Sprague Dawley rats Surgeries were performed without any antibiotic!

11. ACE Devices Used – First round of surgeries Results 2/3 rats were staph-free with this device. Problem, the device would frequently pierce through skin and organs. 0/6 rats were staph-free Problem, device floated uncontrollably. 1/3 rats were staph-free This device showed promise.

12. ACE Devices used – Second round of surgeries Results 0/3 rats were staph- free Problem, the device fell a part. 1/3 rats were staph- free This design concept looked promising. 2/3 rats were staph- free This was a good device for future testing

13. Our Device in a living rat – First set of surgeries third device

14. Device designs

15. Some early rat testing Rat tibia in agar with pseudomonas