5. 449927853

15. The traditional view (mostly influenced by Russian and Polish historiography) [17] on the etymology of Ukraine is that it came from the old Slavic term ukraina which meant "border region" or "frontier" [18] and thus corresponded to the Western term march. The term can be often found in Eastern Slavic chronicles from 1187 on, but for a long time it referred not solely to the border lands in present-day Ukraine. [19] The plural term ukrainy was used as well in the Grand Duchy of Moscow as in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the 16th and 17th centuries, this term was applied to the lands across the border to the nomad world (Crimean Khanate). Frequent raids from the steppe made life in such regions a special and dangerous challenge. With the migration of the Great Abatis Belt southwards, the application of the term switched to Sloboda Ukraine and then to Central Ukraine. Over time it gained an ethnic meaning, as applied to the local South Rus' (Little Russia in the ecclesiastic [20] and the imperial Russian terminology) [17]Slavic [18]march [19]Grand Duchy of MoscowGrand Duchy of LithuaniaCrimean KhanateGreat Abatis BeltSloboda UkraineSouth Rus'Little Russia [20]imperial Russian

16. At 603,700 square kilometers (233,100 sq mi) and with a coastline of 2,782 kilometers (1,729 mi), Ukraine is the world's 44th-largest country (after the Central African Republic, before Madagascar). It is the largest wholly European country and the second largest country in Europe (after the European part of Russia, before metropolitan France). [i][30] It lies between latitudes 44° and 53° N, and longitudes 22° and 41° E.44th-largest countryCentral African RepublicMadagascarsecond largest countrymetropolitan France [i][30]44°53° N22°41° E The Ukrainian landscape consists mostly of fertile plains (or steppes) and plateaus, crossed by rivers such as the Dnieper (Dnipro), Seversky Donets, Dniester and the Southern Buh as they flow south into the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. To the southwest, the delta of the Danube forms the border with Romania. Its various regions have diverse geographic features ranging from the highlands to the lowlands. The country's only mountains are the Carpathian Mountains in the west, of which the highest is the Hora Hoverla at 2,061 meters (6,762 ft), and the Crimean Mountains on the Crimean peninsula, in the extreme south along the coast. [110] However Ukraine also has a number of highland regions such as the Volyn-Podillia Upland (in the west) and the Near-Dnipro Upland (on the right bank of Dnieper); to the east there are the south-western spurs of the Central Russian Uplands over which runs the border with Russia. Near the Sea of Azov can be found the Donets Ridge and the Near Azov Upland. The snow melt from the mountains feeds the rivers, and natural changes in altitude form a sudden drop in elevation and create many opportunities to form waterfalls.steppesDnieperSeversky DonetsDniesterSouthern BuhBlack SeaSea of AzovdeltaDanubeCarpathian MountainsHora HoverlaCrimean Mountains Crimean [110]snow meltwaterfalls Significant natural resources in Ukraine include iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber and an abundance of arable land. Despite this, the country faces a number of major environmental issues such as inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution and deforestation, as well as radiation contamination in the north-east from the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Recycling toxic household waste is still in its infancy in Ukraine.1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Recycling toxic household waste

17. Ukraine has a mostly temperate continental climate, although the southern Crimean coast has a humid subtropical climate. [116] Precipitation is disproportionately distributed; it is highest in the west and north and lowest in the east and southeast. Western Ukraine receives around 1,200 millimetres (47.2 in) of precipitation annually, while Crimea receives around 400 millimetres (15.7 in). Winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland. Average annual temperatures range from 5.5 °C (41.9 °F)–7 °C (44.6 °F) in the north, to 11 °C (51.8 °F)– 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the south. [temperatecontinental climatehumid subtropical climate [116]Precipitation [