Networks & Communications

Networks & Communications
Power Point Presentation to accompany Visualizing Technology, by Debra Geoghan. Chapter 9 Networks & Communications Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Objectives Discuss the importance of computer networks. Compare different types of LANs and WANs. List and describe the hardware used in both wired and wireless networks. List and describe the software and protocols used in both wired and wireless networks. Explain how to protect a network. This chapter explains and discusses networks and communications. The chapter objectives are: Discuss the importance of computer networks. Compare different types of LANs and WANs. List and describe the hardware used in both wired and wireless networks. List and describe the software and protocols used in both wired and wireless networks. Explain how to protect a network. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Objective 1: Overview From Sneakernet to Hotspots Define computer network and network resources Discuss the importance of computer networks Differentiate between peer-to-peer networks and client-server networks Key Terms Client Client-server network Computer network Homegroup Network resource Peer-to-peer network Server Workgroup This objective discusses the importance of computer networks. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Computer Networks A computer network is two or more computers that share resources Network resources can be software, hardware, or files Computer networks save time and money and increase productivity Windows 7 comes with a new network feature called homegroup, a simple networking feature used to network a group of Windows 7 PCs all on the same home network A computer network is two or more computers that share resources. Network resources can be software, hardware, or files. Computer networks save time and money and increase productivity. Windows 7 comes with a new network feature called homegroup, a simple networking feature used to network a group of Windows 7 PCs all on the same home network. <#>

Computer Network Types
A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is one in which each computer is considered equal. A client-server network is one that has at least one server at its center. A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is one in which each computer is considered equal. A client-server network is one that has at least one server at its center. <#>

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Each device can share resources with Every other device No centralized authority Each computer belongs to workgroup Do not need to connect to the Internet Most found in homes and small businesses Simplest type of network Do not need network operating system All computers must be on to access resources In a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, each device can share resources with every other device. There is no centralized authority. You do not need to connect to the Internet to connect. It is the simplest type of network. Computers in a P2P network belong to a workgroup. Most P2P networks are found in homes and small businesses. They do not need a network operating system (NOS). The disadvantage to P2P is that all computers must be on and accessible to share resources. <#>

Peer-to-Peer Networks
Each node connected to the network can communicate directly with each other: Peers Share peripheral devices: Printers Scanners When printing, a computer on a P2P network doesn’t have to go through the computer connected to the printer. It can communicate directly with the printer In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, each node connected to the network can communicate directly with every other node on the network, instead of having a separate device exercise central control over the entire network. Thus, all nodes on this type of network are in a sense peers. When printing, for example, a computer on a P2P network doesn’t have to go through the computer that’s connected to the printer. Instead, it can communicate directly with the printer. Because they are simple to set up, P2P networks are the most common type of home network. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Because they are simple to set up, P2P networks are the most common type of Home network. Computers in a P2P network belong to a workgroup. This allows you to share and remotely access files on a Windows network. In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, each node connected to the network can communicate directly with every other node on the network, instead of having a separate device exercise central control over the entire network. Thus, all nodes on this type of network are in a sense peers. When printing, for example, a computer on a P2P network doesn’t have to go through the computer that’s connected to the printer. Instead, it can communicate directly with the printer. Because they are simple to set up, P2P networks are the most common type of home network. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Most P2P networks are found in homes or small businesses. A peer-to-peer network doesn’t require a NOS. While your personal OS has networking features, the files and services that are shared between your home computers aren’t centralized. In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, each node connected to the network can communicate directly with every other node on the network, instead of having a separate device exercise central control over the entire network. Thus, all nodes on this type of network are in a sense peers. When printing, for example, a computer on a P2P network doesn’t have to go through the computer that’s connected to the printer. Instead, it can communicate directly with the printer. Because they are simple to set up, P2P networks are the most common type of home network. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

WINDOWS 7 HAS THE Network and Sharing Center to help you configure your sharing options. The biggest problem with this type of network is that the computer that’s sharing a resource must be turned on and accessible by the other computers in the network. In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, each node connected to the network can communicate directly with every other node on the network, instead of having a separate device exercise central control over the entire network. Thus, all nodes on this type of network are in a sense peers. When printing, for example, a computer on a P2P network doesn’t have to go through the computer that’s connected to the printer. Instead, it can communicate directly with the printer. Because they are simple to set up, P2P networks are the most common type of home network. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Windows 7 comes with a new networking feature called Homegroup. A Homegroup is a simple way to network a group of Windows 7 computers that are all on the same network. Members of a homegroup automatically share their picture, music, and video libraries and printers with each other without and additional configuration on your part. In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, each node connected to the network can communicate directly with every other node on the network, instead of having a separate device exercise central control over the entire network. Thus, all nodes on this type of network are in a sense peers. When printing, for example, a computer on a P2P network doesn’t have to go through the computer that’s connected to the printer. Instead, it can communicate directly with the printer. Because they are simple to set up, P2P networks are the most common type of home network. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

You can create a homegroup if your computer is running Windows 7 Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate, or Enterprise. Once you create a homegroup, Windows will create a password that you can use to join all your other Windows 7 computers to the homegroup. In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, each node connected to the network can communicate directly with every other node on the network, instead of having a separate device exercise central control over the entire network. Thus, all nodes on this type of network are in a sense peers. When printing, for example, a computer on a P2P network doesn’t have to go through the computer that’s connected to the printer. Instead, it can communicate directly with the printer. Because they are simple to set up, P2P networks are the most common type of home network. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Setting up shared resources using a homegroup is easier than using a regular workgroup. You can choose to share Pictures, Music, Videos, Documents, and Printers. If you have computers running other versions of Windows or Linux or Mac computers, then you will need to use a workgroup to share resources between them. In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, each node connected to the network can communicate directly with every other node on the network, instead of having a separate device exercise central control over the entire network. Thus, all nodes on this type of network are in a sense peers. When printing, for example, a computer on a P2P network doesn’t have to go through the computer that’s connected to the printer. Instead, it can communicate directly with the printer. Because they are simple to set up, P2P networks are the most common type of home network. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Setting up the shares in a workgroup is not difficult but takes a bit more work than setting up a homegroup. Computers in a workgroup need to have the same workgroup and account information configured. In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, each node connected to the network can communicate directly with every other node on the network, instead of having a separate device exercise central control over the entire network. Thus, all nodes on this type of network are in a sense peers. When printing, for example, a computer on a P2P network doesn’t have to go through the computer that’s connected to the printer. Instead, it can communicate directly with the printer. Because they are simple to set up, P2P networks are the most common type of home network. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Client-Server Network Has a least one server at its center Provides a way to centralize network management, resources, and security Users log in to a network and are granted access based on that login A server is a multiuser computer system that runs on a network operating system Clients are the PCs and other devices that connect to the server A client-server network has a least one server at its center. The server provides a way to centralize network management, resources, and security. In a client-server network, users log in to a network and are granted access based on that login. A server is a multiuser computer system that runs a network operating system (NOS). A client is a personal computer or other device that connects to the server. <#>

Client/Server Networks
Most networks with 10 or more nodes are client/server Contains two different types of computers Client computers Computers on which Users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests Server computers Computers that provide information or resources to the client computers Most networks that have 10 or more nodes are client/server networks. A client/server network contains two different types of computers: clients and servers. The client is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. The server is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network. The server on a client/server network also provides central control for functions on the network (such as printing). The Internet is a client/server network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet.

Server computers A multiuser computers system that runs a NOS and provides central administration for functions on the network Printing File Internet access Most networks that have 10 or more nodes are client/server networks. A client/server network contains two different types of computers: clients and servers. The client is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. The server is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network. The server on a client/server network also provides central control for functions on the network (such as printing). The Internet is a client/server network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet. © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

As the name implies, both client software and server software are needed on a client-server network. The client software makes requests, and the server software fulfills them. A domain is a network composed of a group of clients and servers under the control of one central security database on a special server called the domain controller. Most networks that have 10 or more nodes are client/server networks. A client/server network contains two different types of computers: clients and servers. The client is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. The server is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network. The server on a client/server network also provides central control for functions on the network (such as printing). The Internet is a client/server network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet.

You only need to log in to the domain once to have access to all the servers in the domain. The security database includes your user information: Who you are; What your password is; What your access and restrictions are. Most networks that have 10 or more nodes are client/server networks. A client/server network contains two different types of computers: clients and servers. The client is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. The server is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network. The server on a client/server network also provides central control for functions on the network (such as printing). The Internet is a client/server network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet.

Clients log in to a server and request access to resources. For many types of servers, a special client is needed. When you use your Web browser to access your , it serves as an client. Most networks that have 10 or more nodes are client/server networks. A client/server network contains two different types of computers: clients and servers. The client is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. The server is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network. The server on a client/server network also provides central control for functions on the network (such as printing). The Internet is a client/server network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet.

The browser can also act as: An FTP client when you download a file; A database client when you access your bank transactions; An HTTP client when you access a Web page. Other client software you may use includes VPN software, desktop, programs, instant messaging/chat programs, and even video and photo software that include an upload feature Most networks that have 10 or more nodes are client/server networks. A client/server network contains two different types of computers: clients and servers. The client is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. The server is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network. The server on a client/server network also provides central control for functions on the network (such as printing). The Internet is a client/server network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet.

Server software is also known as a network operating system. A network operating system (NOS) is a multiuser operating system that controls the software and hardware that runs on a network. Most networks that have 10 or more nodes are client/server networks. A client/server network contains two different types of computers: clients and servers. The client is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. The server is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network. The server on a client/server network also provides central control for functions on the network (such as printing). The Internet is a client/server network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet.

It allows multiple computers (clients) to communicate with the server and each other, to share resources and security and provides services such as: File and print services; Communication services; Internet and services; Backup services; Database services to the client computers. Most networks that have 10 or more nodes are client/server networks. A client/server network contains two different types of computers: clients and servers. The client is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. The server is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network. The server on a client/server network also provides central control for functions on the network (such as printing). The Internet is a client/server network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet.

Servers are classified by the type of services they provide. Some common services are: File and print services; ; Database; Web; Chat; Audio/video; Applications. Most networks that have 10 or more nodes are client/server networks. A client/server network contains two different types of computers: clients and servers. The client is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. The server is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network. The server on a client/server network also provides central control for functions on the network (such as printing). The Internet is a client/server network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet.

The Internet is a Client/Server Network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet Most networks that have 10 or more nodes are client/server networks. A client/server network contains two different types of computers: clients and servers. The client is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. The server is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network. The server on a client/server network also provides central control for functions on the network (such as printing). The Internet is a client/server network. When your computer is connected to the Internet, it is functioning as a client computer. When connecting to the Internet through an ISP, your computer connects to a server computer maintained by the ISP. The server “serves up” resources to your computer so that you can interact with the Internet.

Computer Networks Computer network Two or more computers Share resources Save time Save money Increase productivity Network resources Software Hardware Files A computer network is two or more computers that share resources. Network resources can be software, hardware, or files. Computer networks save time and money, and increase productivity. Windows comes with a simple networking feature called homegroup, which is used to network a group of Windows computers. Homegroup Simple networking feature Used to network a group of Windows computers Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Select a computer network that you use (school, home, work). Is this a P2P or client-server network? How do you connect to it? What resources do you access/share on this network? Examine the network setting on your computer as described in this article. Does it belong to a workgroup? A homegroup? A client-server network? What resources does it share? Include a screen shot of the Network and Sharing Center and any other screen that you used to find this information. Answers will vary, but could look something like this: The computer in my home is used by my entire family. When I open the Network and Sharing Center and view active networks, there are two networks listed. Here is the information I found: Computer 1 Group Type Access Type Resources Shared Home Network HomeGroup Internet Printer Public Network NA No Internet Printer Access Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Objective 2: Overview LANs and WANs Compare different types of networks Differentiate between small and large networks Key Terms CAN Cellular network Ethernet LAN MAN PAN SAN Topology VPN WAN WLAN This objective discusses and compares different types of networks. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Networks Small Networks Large Networks LAN: Local area
PAN: Personal area WLAN: Wireless LAN Large Networks WAN: Wide area network VPN: Virtual private network CAN: Campus area network MAN: Metropolitan area network SAN: Storage area network Cellular networks Small networks include LANs, PANs, and WLANs. These are discussed on the next slide. Large networks include WANs, VPNs, CANs, MANs, SANs, and cellular networks. These are also discussed on a subsequent slide. <#>

Small Networks LAN (local area network): A network that has all connected devices or nodes located in the same physical location. A home network is a peer-to-peer LAN. A business LAN is more likely a client-server network and consists of computers, printers, and servers as well as the network hardware that connects them. Devices on a LAN are connected using switches. A LAN is a local area network that has all connected devices or nodes located in the same physical location. On a small scale, home networks are usually peer-to-peer LANs. A small business LAN is more likely to be a client-server network. A PAN, or personal area network or piconet, is a LAN that has devices connected via Bluetooth, such as a PDA or computer. Bluetooth is limited in range to only 10 to 100 meters (30 to 300 feet). Some common devices that might use Bluetooth include mice, keyboards, printers, headsets, cameras, and PDAs. WLAN (wireless LAN) is a LAN that uses WiFi to transmit data. WiFi has a much larger range, higher speeds, better security, and supports more devices than Bluetooth. <#>

Small Networks PAN (personal area network): A LAN that consists of devices connected by Bluetooth, such as a PDA abd a computer. Also called piconet. Bluetooth is designed to be easy to use, allowing devices to talk to each other securely over short distances. Each device in a piconet can connect to up to seven other devices at a time. Mice, keyboards, interactive white boards, headsets, cell phones, PDAs, cameras, media players, video game consoles, printers. A LAN is a local area network that has all connected devices or nodes located in the same physical location. On a small scale, home networks are usually peer-to-peer LANs. A small business LAN is more likely to be a client-server network. A PAN, or personal area network or piconet, is a LAN that has devices connected via Bluetooth, such as a PDA or computer. Bluetooth is limited in range to only 10 to 100 meters (30 to 300 feet). Some common devices that might use Bluetooth include mice, keyboards, printers, headsets, cameras, and PDAs. WLAN (wireless LAN) is a LAN that uses WiFi to transmit data. WiFi has a much larger range, higher speeds, better security, and supports more devices than Bluetooth. <#>

Small Networks WLAN (wireless LAN): A LAN that uses WiFi to transmit data. WiFi has a much larger range, higher speeds, better security, and supports more devices than Bluetooth. More expensive and complicated to set up. A LAN is a local area network that has all connected devices or nodes located in the same physical location. On a small scale, home networks are usually peer-to-peer LANs. A small business LAN is more likely to be a client-server network. A PAN, or personal area network or piconet, is a LAN that has devices connected via Bluetooth, such as a PDA or computer. Bluetooth is limited in range to only 10 to 100 meters (30 to 300 feet). Some common devices that might use Bluetooth include mice, keyboards, printers, headsets, cameras, and PDAs. WLAN (wireless LAN) is a LAN that uses WiFi to transmit data. WiFi has a much larger range, higher speeds, better security, and supports more devices than Bluetooth. <#>

Large Networks WAN (wide area network): A network that spans multiple locations and connects multiple LANs over dedicated lines using routers. A college that has multiple campuses would need to use WAN connections between them. WAN technologies are slower and more expensive than LAN technologies. At home, the WAN you connect to is the Internet, and the port on your router that connects to the modem is labeled WAN port, distinguishing it from the LAN ports your other devices are connected to. A WAN, or wide area network, is a network that spans multiple locations and connects multiple LANs over dedicated lines using routers. VPNs, or virtual private networks, create a private network through the public network, the Internet, allowing remote users to access a LAN securely without needing dedicated lines. This is less expensive and more practical for businesses. <#>

Large Networks VPNs (virtual private networks): creates a private network through the public network, the Internet, allowing remote users to access a LAN securely without needing dedicated lines. This is much less expensive and more practical for businesses, and I some cases, a VPN even replaces the need for dedicated lines completely. VPNs use encryption to ensure the data is secure as it travels through the public netowrk. A WAN, or wide area network, is a network that spans multiple locations and connects multiple LANs over dedicated lines using routers. VPNs, or virtual private networks, create a private network through the public network, the Internet, allowing remote users to access a LAN securely without needing dedicated lines. This is less expensive and more practical for businesses. <#>

Large Networks CAN (campus area network): A hybrid of LANs and WANs connected using routers. In a business that is too large and has too many computers to manage a single LAN practically, there may be multiple LANs located in the same location. These LANs are connected to each other using routers, technically making them WANs. MAN (metropolitan area network): Covers a single geographic area. A wireless network in Philadelphia provides access over much of the city. A CAN or campus area network is a hybrid of LANs and WANs connected using routers. This is used by large businesses with multiple LANs in the same location. A MAN or metropolitan area network covers a single geographic area. Wireless Philadelphia provides WiFi access to most of the city. A SAN or storage area network is a network between the data storage devices and the servers on a network that makes the data accessible to all servers in the SAN. Normal users are not part of the SAN but are able to access the information through the LAN servers. Cellular networks use cell towers to transmit voice and data over long distances. The newest 3G and 4G networks have speeds to accommodate Internet access and corporate VPNs almost anywhere in the world. Computer networks can be small or large, yet they all have the same basic purpose: to share resources. <#>

Large Networks SAN (storage area network): Companies that have massive amounts of information to move and store have a network between the data storage devices and the servers on a network, making the data accessible to all servers in the SAN. Normal users are not part of the SAN but are able to access the information through the LAN servers. A CAN or campus area network is a hybrid of LANs and WANs connected using routers. This is used by large businesses with multiple LANs in the same location. A MAN or metropolitan area network covers a single geographic area. Wireless Philadelphia provides WiFi access to most of the city. A SAN or storage area network is a network between the data storage devices and the servers on a network that makes the data accessible to all servers in the SAN. Normal users are not part of the SAN but are able to access the information through the LAN servers. Cellular networks use cell towers to transmit voice and data over long distances. The newest 3G and 4G networks have speeds to accommodate Internet access and corporate VPNs almost anywhere in the world. Computer networks can be small or large, yet they all have the same basic purpose: to share resources. <#>

Large Networks Cellular networks: Use cell towers to transmit voice and data over long distances. The newest 3G and 4G networks have speeds that have made these networks a practical way for people on the move to connect to network resources, including the Internet and corporate VPNs from almost anywhere in the world. A CAN or campus area network is a hybrid of LANs and WANs connected using routers. This is used by large businesses with multiple LANs in the same location. A MAN or metropolitan area network covers a single geographic area. Wireless Philadelphia provides WiFi access to most of the city. A SAN or storage area network is a network between the data storage devices and the servers on a network that makes the data accessible to all servers in the SAN. Normal users are not part of the SAN but are able to access the information through the LAN servers. Cellular networks use cell towers to transmit voice and data over long distances. The newest 3G and 4G networks have speeds to accommodate Internet access and corporate VPNs almost anywhere in the world. Computer networks can be small or large, yet they all have the same basic purpose: to share resources. <#>

Ethernet A home LAN uses the same Ethernet standards and equipment used in larger business networks. Ethernet defines the way data is transmitted over a LAN. Although there are other network standards, Ethernet is by far the most widely implemented. Standards are important because they assure that equipment that is made by different companies will be able to work together. Ethernet defines the way data is transmitted over a LAN. Ethernet networks transmit signals over twisted-pair cable, fiber-optic cable, and WiFi at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps. The maximum speed depends on the type of media and capability of the network hardware on the LAN. Most home networks use 100 Mbps Ethernet. Regardless if a network is small or large, both use the same Ethernet standards and equipment. <#>

Ethernet Ethernet networks transmit signals over twisted-pair cable, fiber-optic cable, and WiFi at data transmission speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps. The maximum speed depends on the type of media and capability of the network hardware on the LAN. Most home networks use100 Mbps Ethernet. Regardless if a small or large network, both use the same Ethernet standards and equipment Ethernet defines the way data is transmitted over a LAN. Ethernet networks transmit signals over twisted-pair cable, fiber-optic cable, and WiFi at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps. The maximum speed depends on the type of media and capability of the network hardware on the LAN. Most home networks use 100 Mbps Ethernet. Regardless if a network is small or large, both use the same Ethernet standards and equipment. <#>

Networks Computer networks range from two PCs sharing a printer to large enterprise networks to the Internet. The larger and more complex networks require more hardware, configuration, and expertise to manage, but they all have the same basic purpose – to share resources. A CAN or campus area network is a hybrid of LANs and WANs connected using routers. This is used by large businesses with multiple LANs in the same location. A MAN or metropolitan area network covers a single geographic area. Wireless Philadelphia provides WiFi access to most of the city. A SAN or storage area network is a network between the data storage devices and the servers on a network that makes the data accessible to all servers in the SAN. Normal users are not part of the SAN but are able to access the information through the LAN servers. Cellular networks use cell towers to transmit voice and data over long distances. The newest 3G and 4G networks have speeds to accommodate Internet access and corporate VPNs almost anywhere in the world. Computer networks can be small or large, yet they all have the same basic purpose: to share resources. <#>

Make a list of networks that you use. Include home, cellular, work, and school networks. Label each as LAN, WAN, or one of the others described in this article. List the devices you use to connect to each. What resources do you access? Make a list of networks that you use. Include home, cellular, work, and school networks. Label each as LAN, WAN, or one of the others described in this article. List the devices you use to connect to each. What resources do you access? Answers will vary, but might look like this: Networks Type: Devices: Resources: Lane Home LAN PC, laptop, iPad, iPod Touch, iPod Files, audio files Verizon wireless Cellular Phone Contacts Bucks WAN Laptop Files Internet WAN PC, laptop, phone, iPad Everything Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Objective 3: Overview The Networking Hardware Store List and describe the hardware used in wired networks List and describe the hardware used in wireless networks Key Terms Ad hoc network Firewall Infrastructure wireless network Modem Network adapter ONT Router Switch WAP This objective lists and describes the hardware used in wired and wireless networks. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Hardware Used in Networks
A network adapter is a communications device used to establish a connection with a network. The network hardware are the physical devices needed to create the network. A network adapter is a communications device used to establish a connection with a network. The network hardware are the physical devices needed to create the network. <#>

Network Adapters WIRED
Each device that connects to a network must have some type of network adapter. Most PCs come with a built-in Ethernet adapter, also called RJ-45. Looks like a slightly larger phone jack. The cable used for this type of connection is called twisted-pair, Ethernet cable, or Cat-5 (6). The other end of the cable will plug into a wall jack, a switch, a router, or a modem Each device that connects to a network must have some type of network adapter. Most PCs come with a built-in Ethernet adapter, also known as an RJ-45. This adapter looks like a large phone jack. The cable used is called twisted-pair, Ethernet cable, or Cat-5 or Cat-6. Depending on the size of the network you are connecting to, the other end of the cable will plug into a wall jack, a switch, a router, or a modem. <#>

There are several advantages to using a wired network connection, including speed, location, and security. Network speed is measured in bits per second. Most home Ethernet connections use FastEthernet connections, which equal 100Mbps. No wireless technology can currently reach the 1Gbps speed, but some can equal or exceed the 100 Mbps speed. Each device that connects to a network must have some type of network adapter. Most PCs come with a built-in Ethernet adapter, also known as an RJ-45. This adapter looks like a large phone jack. The cable used is called twisted-pair, Ethernet cable, or Cat-5 or Cat-6. Depending on the size of the network you are connecting to, the other end of the cable will plug into a wall jack, a switch, a router, or a modem. <#>

Another advantage is that a wired connection is less subject to interference and can travel long distances without slowing. A wireless connection that is 150 Mbps at close range might drop to less than half that speed at a distance of 300 feet. Buildings and other structures can slow or even prevent a wireless connection from working. Each device that connects to a network must have some type of network adapter. Most PCs come with a built-in Ethernet adapter, also known as an RJ-45. This adapter looks like a large phone jack. The cable used is called twisted-pair, Ethernet cable, or Cat-5 or Cat-6. Depending on the size of the network you are connecting to, the other end of the cable will plug into a wall jack, a switch, a router, or a modem. <#>

Finally, a wired connection is more secure than a wireless connection, especially if the wireless connection is not configured with strong security settings. Each device that connects to a network must have some type of network adapter. Most PCs come with a built-in Ethernet adapter, also known as an RJ-45. This adapter looks like a large phone jack. The cable used is called twisted-pair, Ethernet cable, or Cat-5 or Cat-6. Depending on the size of the network you are connecting to, the other end of the cable will plug into a wall jack, a switch, a router, or a modem. <#>

Network Adapters WIRELESS
The WiFi networks found in homes and public places use the IEEE standard. The IEEE standard ensures that devices developed by different vendors will work with each other. Most notebooks come with built-in wireless adapters USB wireless adapters allow easy connection to devices without a built-in adapter. The WiFi Alliance certifies wireless devices to ensure interoperability A WLAN is a wireless local area network An ad hoc network occurs when two wireless devices connect to each other directly In an infrastructure wireless network, devices connect through a wireless access point The WiFi networks found in homes and public places use the IEEE standard. The IEEE standard ensures that devices developed by different vendors will work with each other. Most notebooks come with built-in wireless adapters. USB wireless adapters allows easy connection to devices without a built-in adapter. The WiFi Alliance certifies wireless devices to ensure interoperability. A WLAN is a wireless local area network. An ad hoc network occurs when two wireless devices connect to each other directly. In an infrastructure wireless network, devices connect through a wireless access point. <#>

Network Adapters Wired Wireless Pros Cons
Maximum speed 1,000 Mbps or 1 Gbps Fast-Ethernet is 100 Mbps Less interference More secure working environment Lack of portability Portability Cannot reach the 1 Gbps speed Prone to interference Buildings and distance can slow or prevent connection Needs to be configured with strong security settings There are pros and cons to using wired and wireless network adapters. The pros of wired network adapters are speed, less interference, and a secure working environment. The drawback of a wired network adapter is lack of portability. The primary benefit of wireless network adapters is their portability. The cons include limited speed, prone to interference, and a less secure working environment. <#>

Network Hardware A business network consists of routers, switches, wireless access points, and firewalls (all in one in a home network). The first device on a network is usually the device that connects to the Internet. If you use a dial-up connection, this is a traditional modem. Cable and DSL have special digital modems. FIOS has an optical network terminal (ONT). You can connect your computer directly to a modem or ONT, but you can share the connection with other devices more easily of you use a router instead. To create networks with more resources and devices, you need some additional hardware. This includes a modem, digital modem or an optical network terminal or ONT. You can connect directly to modem or ONT. If you want to share with other devices it is best to use a router instead. Routers make up the backbone of the Internet and are responsible for sending data packets along the correct route. Home routers usually include a built-in switch with several ports to connect multiple devices and can also serve as a wireless access point (WAP). A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a LAN. To set up a wireless network, you need a WAP, which allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch. It can be built into the router or a separate device. A firewall is a device that blocks unauthorized access to a network. Firewalls can be software, like those included with Windows 7 or hardware, part of the router or a stand-alone device. The larger the network, the more hardware is necessary to ensure the flow of data. <#>

Network Hardware A router is a device that connects two or more networks together ( your home network and the Internet). A router uses address information to correctly route the data packets it receives. In a home network, the router is a convergence device that serves several functions. It shares the Internet connection, provides IP addresses to the other network devices and provides security for your network. To create networks with more resources and devices, you need some additional hardware. This includes a modem, digital modem or an optical network terminal or ONT. You can connect directly to modem or ONT. If you want to share with other devices it is best to use a router instead. Routers make up the backbone of the Internet and are responsible for sending data packets along the correct route. Home routers usually include a built-in switch with several ports to connect multiple devices and can also serve as a wireless access point (WAP). A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a LAN. To set up a wireless network, you need a WAP, which allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch. It can be built into the router or a separate device. A firewall is a device that blocks unauthorized access to a network. Firewalls can be software, like those included with Windows 7 or hardware, part of the router or a stand-alone device. The larger the network, the more hardware is necessary to ensure the flow of data. <#>

Network Hardware Routers make up the backbone of the Internet and are responsible for sending the data packets along the correct route to their destination. Home routers also include a built-in switch with several ports to connect multiple devices and can also serve as a wireless access point. To create networks with more resources and devices, you need some additional hardware. This includes a modem, digital modem or an optical network terminal or ONT. You can connect directly to modem or ONT. If you want to share with other devices it is best to use a router instead. Routers make up the backbone of the Internet and are responsible for sending data packets along the correct route. Home routers usually include a built-in switch with several ports to connect multiple devices and can also serve as a wireless access point (WAP). A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a LAN. To set up a wireless network, you need a WAP, which allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch. It can be built into the router or a separate device. A firewall is a device that blocks unauthorized access to a network. Firewalls can be software, like those included with Windows 7 or hardware, part of the router or a stand-alone device. The larger the network, the more hardware is necessary to ensure the flow of data. <#>

Network Hardware A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a LAN. Within the network, a switch uses address information to send data packets only to the port that the appropriate device is connected to. To create networks with more resources and devices, you need some additional hardware. This includes a modem, digital modem or an optical network terminal or ONT. You can connect directly to modem or ONT. If you want to share with other devices it is best to use a router instead. Routers make up the backbone of the Internet and are responsible for sending data packets along the correct route. Home routers usually include a built-in switch with several ports to connect multiple devices and can also serve as a wireless access point (WAP). A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a LAN. To set up a wireless network, you need a WAP, which allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch. It can be built into the router or a separate device. A firewall is a device that blocks unauthorized access to a network. Firewalls can be software, like those included with Windows 7 or hardware, part of the router or a stand-alone device. The larger the network, the more hardware is necessary to ensure the flow of data. <#>

Network Hardware To set up a WiFi network, you’ll need a wireless access point. A wireless access point (WAP) is a device that allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch. It can be built into a router or it can be a separate device. In a large wireless network, there may be many WAPs installed. To create networks with more resources and devices, you need some additional hardware. This includes a modem, digital modem or an optical network terminal or ONT. You can connect directly to modem or ONT. If you want to share with other devices it is best to use a router instead. Routers make up the backbone of the Internet and are responsible for sending data packets along the correct route. Home routers usually include a built-in switch with several ports to connect multiple devices and can also serve as a wireless access point (WAP). A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a LAN. To set up a wireless network, you need a WAP, which allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch. It can be built into the router or a separate device. A firewall is a device that blocks unauthorized access to a network. Firewalls can be software, like those included with Windows 7 or hardware, part of the router or a stand-alone device. The larger the network, the more hardware is necessary to ensure the flow of data. <#>

Network Hardware A firewall is a device that blocks unauthorized access to a network. There are both hardware firewalls and software firewalls. Such as the software firewall included with Windows 7. A hardware firewall may be part of a router or stand-alone device. To create networks with more resources and devices, you need some additional hardware. This includes a modem, digital modem or an optical network terminal or ONT. You can connect directly to modem or ONT. If you want to share with other devices it is best to use a router instead. Routers make up the backbone of the Internet and are responsible for sending data packets along the correct route. Home routers usually include a built-in switch with several ports to connect multiple devices and can also serve as a wireless access point (WAP). A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a LAN. To set up a wireless network, you need a WAP, which allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch. It can be built into the router or a separate device. A firewall is a device that blocks unauthorized access to a network. Firewalls can be software, like those included with Windows 7 or hardware, part of the router or a stand-alone device. The larger the network, the more hardware is necessary to ensure the flow of data. <#>

Network Hardware Firewalls can check both outgoing and incoming data packets. A firewall can be configured with filters to allow/deny various kinds of traffic. Firewall filters can be based on an IP address, protocol type, domain names, and other criteria. Incoming packets that try to access restricted data will be denied access to the network. To create networks with more resources and devices, you need some additional hardware. This includes a modem, digital modem or an optical network terminal or ONT. You can connect directly to modem or ONT. If you want to share with other devices it is best to use a router instead. Routers make up the backbone of the Internet and are responsible for sending data packets along the correct route. Home routers usually include a built-in switch with several ports to connect multiple devices and can also serve as a wireless access point (WAP). A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a LAN. To set up a wireless network, you need a WAP, which allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch. It can be built into the router or a separate device. A firewall is a device that blocks unauthorized access to a network. Firewalls can be software, like those included with Windows 7 or hardware, part of the router or a stand-alone device. The larger the network, the more hardware is necessary to ensure the flow of data. <#>

Networks The image shows a home network that includes both wired and wireless devices. This image shows a home network that includes both wired and wireless devices. <#>

Network Hardware The larger and more complex a network, the more hardware is necessary to assure the flow of data. These devices work together to transmit and filter data packets around the network and eventually to their destination. Without the network hardware, computers could not connect to each other. To create networks with more resources and devices, you need some additional hardware. This includes a modem, digital modem or an optical network terminal or ONT. You can connect directly to modem or ONT. If you want to share with other devices it is best to use a router instead. Routers make up the backbone of the Internet and are responsible for sending data packets along the correct route. Home routers usually include a built-in switch with several ports to connect multiple devices and can also serve as a wireless access point (WAP). A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a LAN. To set up a wireless network, you need a WAP, which allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch. It can be built into the router or a separate device. A firewall is a device that blocks unauthorized access to a network. Firewalls can be software, like those included with Windows 7 or hardware, part of the router or a stand-alone device. The larger the network, the more hardware is necessary to ensure the flow of data. <#>

Hardware Used in Networks
Network hardware Physical devices needed to create the network Network adapter Communications device Establishes connection with network The network hardware consists of the physical devices needed to create the network. A network adapter is a communications device used to establish a connection with a network. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Network Adapters Wired
Each device on a network must have network adapter Most PCs come with built-in Ethernet adapter RJ-45 Plugs into wall jack, switch, router, or modem Each device that connects to a network must have some type of network adapter. Most PCs come with a built-in Ethernet adapter, also known as an RJ-45. This adapter looks like a large phone jack. The cable used is called twisted-pair, Ethernet cable, or Cat-5 or Cat-6. Depending on the size of the network you are connecting to, the other end of the cable will plug into a wall jack, a switch, a router, or a modem. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Network Adapters Wireless
WiFi networks use the IEEE standards USB wireless adapters Easy connection to devices without a built-in adapter WiFi Alliance certifies wireless devices WLAN (wireless local area network) Ad hoc network Two wireless devices connect directly Infrastructure wireless network Devices connect through a wireless access point The WiFi networks found in homes and public places use the IEEE standards. The IEEE standards ensure that devices developed by different vendors will work with each other. Most notebooks come with built-in wireless adapters. USB wireless adapters allows easy connection to devices without a built-in adapter. The WiFi Alliance certifies wireless devices to ensure interoperability. A WLAN is a wireless local area network. An ad hoc network occurs when two wireless devices connect to each other directly. In an infrastructure wireless network, devices connect through a wireless access point. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Network Adapters Wired Wireless Pros Cons Maximum speed 1,000 Mbps or 1 Gbps FastEthernet is 100 Mbps Less interference More secure working environment Lack of portability Portability Cannot reach the 1 Gbps speed Prone to interference Buildings and distance can slow or prevent connection Needs to be configured with strong security settings There are pros and cons to using wired and wireless network adapters. The pros of wired network adapters are speed, less interference, and a secure working environment. The drawback of a wired network adapter is lack of portability. The primary benefit of wireless network adapters is their portability. The cons of a wireless network include limited speed, prone to interference, and a less secure working environment. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Network Hardware Modem Traditional dial-up connection Digital modem Cable and DSL ONT (optical network terminal) Used by FTTH Router Connects two or more networks Switch Connects multiple devices on LAN WAP (wireless access point) Allows wireless devices to join network Firewall Blocks unauthorized access to network To create networks with more resources and devices, you need some additional hardware. This includes a modem, digital modem, or an optical network terminal or ONT. You can connect directly to a modem or ONT. If you want to share with other devices it is best to use a router instead. Routers make up the backbone of the Internet and are responsible for sending data packets along the correct route. Home routers usually include a built-in switch with several ports to connect multiple devices and can also serve as a wireless access point (WAP). A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a LAN. To set up a wireless network, you need a WAP, which allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch. It can be built into the router or a separate device. A firewall is a device that blocks unauthorized access to a network. Firewalls can be software, like those included with Windows, or hardware, part of the router or a stand-alone device. The larger the network, the more hardware is necessary to ensure the flow of data. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Open the Network Connections window as described in this article. What adapters are installed on your computer? What type of networks do they connect to? Which of them are connected now? Include a screen shot in the window. Open the Network Connections window as described in this article. What adapters are installed on your computer? What type of networks do they connect to? Which of them are connected now? Include a screen shot in the window. Answers will vary, but might look something like this: Name Status Device Name Connectivity Network Category Local Area Connection Network cable unplugged Intel ®82567LM Gigabit Network NA NA Wireless Network Connection KSRG3 Intel®WiFi Link 5100 AGN Access to Local Only Private network Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Objective 4: Overview The Softer Side List and describe the software used in both wired and wireless networks List and describe the protocols used in both wired and wireless networks Key Terms Domain IP NOS Protocol TCP TCP/IP protocol stack This objective lists and describes the software and protocols used in both wired and wireless networks. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Software Used in Networks
Software and protocols allow networks to communicate with and understand each other. Network operating systems, communication software, and protocols make a network work. Software and protocols allow networks to communicate with and understand each other. Network operating systems, communication software, and protocols make a network work. <#>

P2P Software No special software is required to create a simple P2P network Modern desktop OSs have networking capabilities built into them Windows 7 includes Clients for Microsoft Networks, which allows it to remotely access files and printers on a Microsoft network There is no special software required to create a simple P2P network. Modern desktop operating systems have networking capabilities built into them. Windows 7 includes Clients for Microsoft Networks, which allows it to remotely access files and printers on a Microsoft network. Using the workgroup feature of Windows 7 allows you to share and remotely access files on a Windows network. You can also connect computers running Mac OS X and Linux Ubuntu to a Windows network, although you will need to make configuration settings to make it work. <#>

Client-Server Software ABOUT
Both client software and server software are needed on a client-server network The client server makes requests, and the server software fulfills them In a network running Microsoft Server OS, Windows clients do not need any special client software for file and print services Both client software and server software are needed on a client-server network. The client server makes requests, and the server software fulfills them. In a network running Microsoft Server OS, Windows clients do not need any special client software for file and print services. A domain is a network composed of a group of clients and servers under the control of one central security database on a special server called a domain controller. You only need to log in to the domain once to have access to all the servers in the domain. Clients log in to a server and request access to resources. For many types of servers, special client software is needed. For example, when you use a Web browser to access your , it serves as an client. The browser can also act as an FTP client—when you download a file, or a database client—when you access your bank transactions, an HTTP client when you access a Web page. <#>

Client-Server Software DOMAIN CONTROLLER
A domain is a network composed of a group of clients and servers under the control of one central security database on a special server called a domain controller You only need to log in to the domain once to have access to all the servers in the domain Clients log in to a server and request access to resources A domain is a network composed of a group of clients and servers under the control of one central security database on a special server called a domain controller. You only need to log in to the domain once to have access to all the servers in the domain. Clients log in to a server and request access to resources. <#>

Client-Server Software CLIENT SOFTWARE
For many types of servers, special client software is needed. When you use a Web browser to access your , it serves as an client When you download a file, it acts as an FTP client When you access your bank transactions, it acts as a database client When you access a Web page, it acts as an HTTP client For many types of servers, special client software is needed. For example, when you use a Web browser to access your , it serves as an client. The browser can also act as an FTP client when you download a file, a database client when you access your bank transactions, and an HTTP client when you access a Web page. <#>

Client-Server Software SERVER SOFTWARE
Server software is also known as a network operating system (NOS) An NOS is a multiuser OS that controls the software and hardware that runs on a network An NOS centralizes resources and security and provides services Servers are classified by the type of services they provide Some common services include file and print, , database, Web, chat, audio/video, and applications Whenever you log in to a Web site like Facebook, you are connecting to a server Server software is also known as a network operating system (NOS). An NOS is a multiuser OS that controls the software and hardware that runs on a network. An NOS centralizes resources and security and provides services such as file and print services, communication services, Internet and services, and backup and database services to the client computers. Servers are classified by the type of services they provide. Some common services include file and print, , database, Web, chat, audio/video, and applications. Whenever you log in to a site like Facebook, you are connecting to a server. <#>

Network Protocols Protocols define the rules for communication between devices. The rules define how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and acknowledged. Important protocols include TCP, IP, HTTP, FTP, POP, SMTP, DHCP, and DNS. These protocols and their functions are outlined on this slide. <#>

Make a list of networks that you use. Include home, cellular, work, and school networks. List the software clients that you use to connect to each. What resources do you access? Do you use different clients to access different resources? Make a list of networks that you use. Include home, cellular, work, and school networks. List the software clients that you use to connect to each. What resources do you access? Do you use different clients to access different resources? Answers will vary, but might look like this: Networks Software Clients Resources Lane Home Firefox browser Everything on Web, FTP, , chat Verizon Wireless Apple iOS, Android , calendar, Web Bucks.edu Firefox browser Everything on Web, FTP, , chat, Bb Vista, Canvas, MyITLab Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Objective 5: Overview Protecting Your Network Explain how to protect a network using software, strong passwords, firewalls, and maintenance Key Terms Piggybacking Wardriving This objective explains how to protect a network. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

Network Protection Layer 1 Hardware-based firewall via router Layer 2
Strong passwords Layer 3 Software-based firewall, antivirus and anti-malware Layer 4 Keep system up-to-date and secure The same importance we place on protecting our home should be used with network security. The first level of defense is a hardware-based firewall. A firewall examines the data packets as they enter or leave your network. The next level of defense is access. Network users should have strong passwords that are hard to figure out. The third level of defense is software firewalls. Individual computers on the network must be protected with firewalls and antivirus and anti-malware software. The last level of defense is critical to overall success. The system on the network must be kept up-to-date and secure. <#>

Network Protection Layer 1 – The Fence:
The fence is the hardware at the access point to your network. The firewall examines the data packets as they enter or leave your network and will deny access to traffic based on rules the network administrator defines. It also shields your computer from direct access to the Internet, hiding them from hackers looking for an easy target. Server software is also known as a network operating system (NOS). An NOS is a multiuser OS that controls the software and hardware that runs on a network. An NOS centralizes resources and security and provides services such as file and print services, communication services, Internet and services, and backup and database services to the client computers. Servers are classified by the type of services they provide. Some common services include file and print, , database, Web, chat, audio/video, and applications. Whenever you log in to a site like Facebook, you are connecting to a server. <#>

Network Protection Layer 2 – Door Locks:
Door locks are represented by the network configuration determining what’s shared and who’s granted access to it. Your usernames should have strong passwords that are hard to crack. Each user should be granted access only to what they need. Server software is also known as a network operating system (NOS). An NOS is a multiuser OS that controls the software and hardware that runs on a network. An NOS centralizes resources and security and provides services such as file and print services, communication services, Internet and services, and backup and database services to the client computers. Servers are classified by the type of services they provide. Some common services include file and print, , database, Web, chat, audio/video, and applications. Whenever you log in to a site like Facebook, you are connecting to a server. <#>

Network Protection Layer 3 – Alarm Systems:
The alarm system includes software-based firewalls and antivirus and antimalware software on the individual computers on the network. If an intruder somehow breaches your network, software will detect unauthorized actions and prevent them. Server software is also known as a network operating system (NOS). An NOS is a multiuser OS that controls the software and hardware that runs on a network. An NOS centralizes resources and security and provides services such as file and print services, communication services, Internet and services, and backup and database services to the client computers. Servers are classified by the type of services they provide. Some common services include file and print, , database, Web, chat, audio/video, and applications. Whenever you log in to a site like Facebook, you are connecting to a server. <#>

Network Protection Layer 4 – Guard Dogs:
The network administrator (you??) needs to be diligent in keeping the systems on the network up to date and secure. It’s critical that software on PCs is kept up to date. Unpatched systems are easy targets for hackers and can allow them access into your network. Server software is also known as a network operating system (NOS). An NOS is a multiuser OS that controls the software and hardware that runs on a network. An NOS centralizes resources and security and provides services such as file and print services, communication services, Internet and services, and backup and database services to the client computers. Servers are classified by the type of services they provide. Some common services include file and print, , database, Web, chat, audio/video, and applications. Whenever you log in to a site like Facebook, you are connecting to a server. <#>

Networking Ethics Piggybacking means using an open wireless network connection to access the Internet without permission. Piggybacking means using an open wireless network connection to access the Internet without permission. Wardriving is the practice of driving around and locating wireless access points. There are communities on the Internet where wardrivers post maps of the open networks they find, along with free software that makes it easy to locate wireless networks. The practice is not illegal, but is it ethical? You decide. Wardriving is the practice of driving around and locating wireless access points. <#>

List the criteria for a strong password. At least 7 characters long A combination of letters, numbers , and symbols Not any part of your name or address or anything that is easily found out about you Try to avoid dictionary words or duplicate digits or letters right next to one another in your password Have a different password for each program or network Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall <#>

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

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