1. Focus on Nursing Assessment: Cardiovascular System
(Relates to Chapter 32, “Nursing Assessment: Cardiovascular System,” in the textbook)

2. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Heart
Orientation in the thorax
Structures
Blood flow through the heart
Blood supply to the myocardium

3. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig. 32-1

4. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig. 32-2

5. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig. 32-3

6. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig. 32-4

7. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Heart
Conduction system
Mechanical system
Cardiac reserve

8. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig. 32-5

9. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig. 32-6

10. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Blood vessels
Arteries, arterioles
Veins, venules
Capillaries

11. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig. 32-7

12. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Regulation of the cardiovascular system
Autonomic nervous system
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors

13. Structures and Functions of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Blood pressure
Measurement of arterial blood pressure
Pulse pressure
Mean arterial pressure

14. Gerontologic Consideration
Effect of aging on the cardiovascular system (see Table 32-1)
Chest wall
Heart
Blood vessels

15. Assessment of the Cardiovascular System
Subjective information
Health information
Past health history
Past and current medications
Surgery or other treatments

16. Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Functional Health Patterns (see Table 32-4)
Health perception–health management pattern
Nutritional-metabolic pattern
Elimination pattern
Activity-exercise pattern
Coping–stress tolerance pattern
Values-belief pattern

17. Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Functional Health Patterns (cont’d)
Self-perception–self-concept pattern
Role-relationship pattern
Sexuality-reproductive pattern

18. Assessment of the Cardiovasular System (Cont’d)
Objective Data
Physical examination
Vital signs
Peripheral vascular system
Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation

19. Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig. 32-8

20. Assessment of the Cardiovasular System (Cont’d)
Objective Data
Physical examination
Thorax
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

21. Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig. 32-9

22. Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig

23. Assessment of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig

24. Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System
Noninvasive studies
Blood studies
Chest x-ray
Electrocardiogram
Exercise and stress testing

25. Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Noninvasive studies
Echocardiogram
Nuclear cardiology
Magnetic resonance imaging
Computed tomography

26. Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Invasive studies
Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography
Intracoronary ultrasound
Electrophysiology study
Blood flow and pressure measurements

27. Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig

28. Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig

29. Diagnostic Studies of the Cardiovascular System (Cont’d)
Fig