1. Animal Behavior
Ch 33

2. Follow along with the picture.
music, song
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3. book; books (noun)
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4. Meaning: heart as in organ; also kindness
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5. Sign language
Because of our innate language ability, it’s possible to learn another language, even a non-vocal one. But perhaps humans aren’t the only one with this ability.
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6. Koko, a gorilla, learned more than 500 different signs while in captivity. She even created some of her own signs, such as finger bracelet for ring. Once, her trainer signed “bad gorilla” and Koko corrected her by signing “funny gorilla.”
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7. Koko lied at times to avoid getting into trouble and insulted the trainers when she was angry. She even had her own kitten, a tiny tailless cat that she named All Ball.
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8. Koko and her kitten All Ball
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9. Elements of Behavior
Behavior: way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment
Stimulus vs. Response

10. Innate Behavior An instinct
Appears the first time the behavior is performed even though the animal has no experience with the situation or behavior
Spider weaving a web
Suckling of a newborn
Insect moving towards or away from light
Migration- traveling to change habitat or to breed
Estivation- go to “sleep” to survive heat & drought
Hibernation- go to “sleep” to survive cold

11. Learned Behavior
Animals alter their behavior as a result of experience
4 Major Types of Learning:
Habituation
Classical conditioning
Trial & Error
Imprinting

12. Habituation Simplest The animal gets “used” to the stimulus
It is not positive or negative
Reaction to a non-threatening or unrewarding stimulus

13. Classical Conditioning
An animal makes a connection with a stimulus by reward or punishment
Ex. Russian Scientist: Pavlov
Rang a bell when he fed his dog
Repeated this
Dog would salivate when the bell rang (regardless of presence of food)

14. Trial and Error
Animal learns to behave a certain way over repeated practice  to receive an award or avoid punishment
Ex. Training a dog to sit

15. Imprinting
Example: ducks follow the first moving object (their mothers)
Have been known to think humans were their mothers

16. Social Behavior
Animal Societies help enhance the success of individuals
Primates exhibit a close family structure
Jane Goodall (a British behaviorist) studied the chimpanzee in its natural habitat and revolutionized the field

17. Courtship
Occurs when an individual send out stimuli (sounds, visual displays, chemicals) in order to attract a mate

18. Competition and Aggression
Some animals are territorial
Use aggression to defend territory and family
Ex. Fighting
Fish

19. Communication
Animals may use visual, sound, touch or chemical signals to communicate
Ex. Dolphins
Cuttlefish- change colors
Pheromones- chemical substances secreted that can change behavior
Ex. Bees have 15 different glands!
Ex. Ants also communicate this way!