1. William J. Marciano January 24, 2015 Physics Beyond the Standard Model & Electric Dipole Moments Viewer Discretion Advised 1

2. Today Many Elementary Particles! SU(3) C xSU(2) L xU(1) Y Standard Model 8 gluons + W ±, Z,  gauge bosons (spin 1) 3 generations of quarks & leptons (mix->CP violation) e, e,u,d , ,c,s , ,t,b (m t /m >10 13 !!) (spin ½) Scalar Doublet: S ±,S 0,h source of mass The End? Is that all there is? New Particles? Interactions? Supersymmetry - Something Else Multi-Higgs (2 doublets?) (Singlet?) * Heavy (Vector-like) Leptons etc. 2

3. Early LHC “Lessons” SM Higgs Scalar Exists!: m H =125-126GeV Great Discovery but reopens old Issues. λΦ 4 theory: Alone Trivial, Quadratic Divergences, Vacuum stability… Higgs Properties become a primary goal Branching Ratios (Couplings), Precision! Anomalies Loop Induced BR(H  ) ≈ BR(H  ) SM (W&t) Anomalous? Two Higgs Doublet Mixing (Inoue, Ramsey-Musolf, Zhang) New CP Violation Sources? Implications for edms! d e, d n, d p 3

4. S & T Constraints Gauge Boson Self-Energy Loops Experimental Averages sin 2  W (m Z ) MS = 0.23125(15) & m W = 80.385(15)GeV Standard Model + S & T sin 2  W (m Z ) MS = 0.23124(6)[1+0.016S-0.011T] m W = 80.362(6)GeV[1-0.0036S+0.0056T] S≈0.7T (from Z pole sin 2  W (m Z ) MS = 0.23125(15)) S=0.07(8) T=0.10(11) ΔN doublets =2(2) Very Little room available for “New Physics” Severely Constrains: New Dynamics (Technicolor), 4 th Generation, SUSY, Z’, Z’’ (mixing)… 4

5. Is the Higgs Mechanism Fundamental or Dynamical? Is there just a single Higgs doublet? Several? h=0 ++ Remnant Predicted – Higgs Boson, Others h, A, H ± … h coupling to particles proportional to their masses W, Z, t, b, τ large… c, s, μ potentially observable e, u, d very small (undetectable?) edms maybe only window! 5

6. Baryogenesis: N B -N Bbar /N  ≈10 -10 1957 - Parity Violation in Weak Interactions (Maximal!) Lee & Yang Why is nature left-handed (Chiral)? 1964- CP Violation Discovered in Kaon Decays 1967 Sakharov Conditions: 1) Baryon Number Violation 2) CP Violation (strong source) 3) Non-Equilibrium 1 st Order Phase Transition *(Leptogenesis – Very Early Universe Alternative) 6

7. Dirac 1918-48 Chiral Phase Confusion 1950 Purcell & Ramsey Speculate P may be violated Begin search for neutron edm T (CP) violation also needed for edms! P & T Violation  EDMs for all particles with spin CKM CP Violation  unobservably small edms EDMs: Window to Early Universe CP Violation! Window to CP Violating Higgs Physics “New Physics” Source of CP Violation Needed! Supersymmetry Leading Candidate (Not observed at LHC yet! Some MSSM Tension!) Higgs Physics? True God Particle! 7

8. Some Current Dipole Moments fermion a f exp |d f exp | e-cm e 0.00115965218073(28) <1x10 -28 (from Mol.) p 1.792847356(23) <8x10 -25 (from d Hg ) n -1.9130427(5) <3x10 -26 electron & neutron bounds (Very Powerful BSM Constraints) Griffith, Swallows, Loftus, Romalis, Heckel & Fortson PRL102, 101601 (2009)  d Hg  <3.1x10 -29 e-cm Further factor 3-5 Hg Improvement Expected! 8

9. Great Future Expectations d n  10 -27 -10 -28 e-cm Neutron Spallation/Reactor Sources d e  10 -30 e-cm or better! d p & d D  10 -28 -10 -29 e-cm Storage Ring Proposal (BNL/COSY) Pave the way for a new generation of storage ring experiments d p, d D, d( 3 He), d(radioactive nuclei), d  Several orders of magnitude improvement expected 9

10. Higgs (125-126GeV) Discovery & Properties ATLAS and CMS Experiments have strong evidence for a Higgs (spin 0) new particle with mass 125-126GeV Expected Higgs SM Properties 10

11. 5 sigma SM evidence/experiment presented (July 4, 2012) > 1,000,000 H already produced at the LHC! gluon + gluon  H through top quark loop H  Roughly SM Expectation H  ZZ*(virtual)  4 leptons H  WW*  4 leptons (includes Neutrinos) H  +  - H  bb Early ATLAS & CMS fluctuations? Other decays e, u, d expected to be unobservabley small FNAL Tevatron strong hints of HW &HZ (3 sigma) with H  bb (as expected) 11

12. W Loop Contribution to H  12

13. Br(H   ) ≈ 1.5 x expectations (early) How can you enhance H   ? Beyond SM Leave SM glue +glue  H at SM Rate (top loop) Multi-Higgs mixing, SUSY Loops,… Scenarios New Heavy Fermion Loops (Not Colored)  Leptons Problem: if SM like HD L S R   Br(H   ) reduction! W & top loops have opposite sign *Popular Solution – New Heavy (O(125GeV)) Vector-Like Leptons L-R Doublets & Singlets SU(2) L xU(1) Y Invariant Masses + HDS couplings  Mixing Potential opposite sign contribution to H   13

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15. Vector-like Heavy Leptons Dark Variant Davoudiasl, Lee &WJM Example: A Possible Dark Sector Two Left Handed Doublets (N i 0, E i - )) L i=1,2 Two Right-Handed Doublets (N i 0,E i - ) R Dark Charges ±1 Four Left Handed Singlets N jL, E jL j=3,4 Four Right Handed Singlets N jR, E jR Dark Charges ±1 Gauge Invariant Mass Terms + Higgs Couplings  Mixing All interactions vector-like under SU(2) L xU(1) Y xU(1) d 4 Charged & 3 Neutral Leptons Unstable Lightest Neutral: Potential Stable Dark Matter? 15

16. Example H   vs edms McKeen, Pospelov & Ritz; Voloshin H  Dim. 5 Operator (Scalar Analog of Dipole Moments) aHF μν F μν + bH*F μν F μν (*F μν =F μν dual =1/2ε μναβ F αβ ) second term violates P & T (much like edm) New Source of CP Violation! Higgs pseudoscalar Coupling tan ϕ H  = b/a Γ(H  ) α a 2 +b 2 Could the Higgs violate CP? Source of Baryogenesis? Measure  planes of polarizaton (Voloshin) Max. at θ= ϕ H  = b/a (instead of 0) Very Difficult, particularly for b<<a 16

17. Charged Leptons: H   Loops Increase or Decrease Br(H   )? Could Violate CP! (M. Voloshin) induce edms! (McKeen, Pospelov, Ritz) Also give rise to  –Z d kinetic mixing If g d ≈e  ε≈α/2π≈10 -3 solves g μ -2 problem for 20MeV<m Zd <50MeV (Experimental Range) 17

18. CP Violating higgs 2 loop (McKeen, Pospelov, Ritz) 18

19. 2 loop dipole moment sources: McKeen, Pospelov, Ritz earlier Huber, Pospelov, Ritz 19

20. Two Loop Higgs Contribution to Fermion Dipole Moments Barr-Zee, Bjorken-Weinberg (μ  eγ) 20

21. 2 Loop 2HD edm diagrams: Inoue, Ramsey-Musolf, Zhang 21

22. 2 Higgs Doublet electron edm: from Inoue, Ramsey-Musolf, Zhang 22

23. 2 loop 2HD neutron edn: from Inoue, Ramsey-Musolf, Zhang 23

24. a f vs d f (very roughly) Two loop Higgs contribution: a μ (H)≈fewx10 -11 a e (H)≈5x10 -16 Unobservably Small! Two Loop Higgs contribution: d e (H) ≈ 10 -26 sin ϕ e-cm |d n (H)|≈|d p (H)|≈3x10 -26 sin ϕ e-cm Already d e bound implies sin ϕ ≤0.1 (smaller?) CP violation in H   sin 2 ϕ ≤0.01 Unlikely to be observable, but edm experiments can Explore down to sin ϕ ≈O(10 -3 ) ! Unique! 24

25. Very Rough d e, d p & d n Relationship Constituent Quark Model: d n =4/3d d -1/3d u d p =4/3d u -1/3d d 2 loop Higgs induced edms: H  couplings m f Q f d u ≈ -d d d u = -⅔(m u /m e )d e d p ≈ -d n ≈ -(10m u /9m e )d e ≈-3d e (very rough) Lattice Calculation Would Be Useful 25

26. d p not “just” complementary to d n Window to “New Physics” Baryogenesis! (why do we exist?) Potential sensitivity an order of magnitude better than d n ! Probes New Physics(NP) at (1TeV/  NP ) 2 tan  NP  10 -7 ! or for  NP ~O(1)   NP ~3000TeV! (well beyond LHC) Paves the way for a new generation of storage ring experiments d p  d D, d( 3 He), d(radioactive nuclei), d  26

27. Physics Reach of d p ~10 -29 e-cm d p  0.01(m p /  NP ) 2 tan  NP e/2m p  10 -22 (1TeV/  NP ) 2 tan  NP e-cm If  NP is of O(1),  NP ~3000TeV Probed! If  NP ~O(1TeV),  NP ~10 -7 Probed! Unique Capabilities! 27

28. Complex Formalism: F D =F 2 +iF 3 H dipole =-1/2[F D f L   f R +F D *f R   f L ]F  F D =|F D |e i  f R,L =(1±  5 )/2f |F D |=(F 2 2 +F 3 2 ) 1/2, tan  =F 3 /F 2 tan  = Relative Degree of CP Violation egs. |tan  e | SM  10 -24 |tan  n | SM  10 -20 Can  be removed by a chiral rotation? f  exp(i  5  /2) f (Dirac Confusion) No, not if it makes the mass m f complex (EDM = relative phase!) 28

29. Future Expectations d n  10 -27 -10 -28 e-cm Spallation Neutron Sources d p & d D  10 -28 -10 -29 e-cm Storage Ring Proposal (BNL/COSY) Probes New Physics(NP) at (1TeV/  NP ) 2 tan  NP  10 -7 ! for  NP ~O(1)   NP ~3000TeV! (well beyond LHC) Paves the way for a new generation of storage ring experiments d p, d D, d( 3 He), d(radioactive nuclei), d  d e  10 -30 e-cm or better! d   10 -24 e-cm Storage Ring Proposal 29

30. d p & d n Relationship Constituent Quark Model: d n =4/3d d -1/3d u d p =4/3d u -1/3d d Roughly 1/4<|d p /d n |<4 Similar Magnitudes Isovector (d p -d n )/2 or Isoscalar (d p +d n )/2? Need both d n & d p  d d & d u (Relationship?) (Deuteron edm more sensitive to isoscalar)  QCD leading effect (roughly) isovector (  PT) d n =-d p ~3.6x10 -16  QCD e-cm 30

31. Currently: d n  |  QCD |<10 -10 ! Future: 10 -12 d p at 10 -29 e-cm explores  QCD <10 -13 If a non-zero d n is discovered, the first thing we want to do is know d p Opposite sign? Isovector,  QCD Interpretation or Higgs (2 loop) Example: naïve d p =-d n Same Sign? Isoscalar,  QCD Unlikely Primary Source More Likely: strangeness, gluonic, susy… d n, d p, d D …d e all needed! 31

32. H  Dim. 5 Operator aHF μν F μν + bH*F μν F μν (*F μν =F μν dual =1/2ε μναβ F αβ ) second term violates P & T New Source of CP Violation! Higgs pseudoscalar Coupling tan ϕ H  = b/a Γ(H  ) α a 2 +b 2 Could the Higgs violate CP? Window to Baryogenesis? Measure  planes of polarizaton (Voloshin) Max. at θ= ϕ H  = b/a (instead of 0) Very Difficult, particularly for b<<a 32

33. EDM 2 loop sources: McKeen, Pospelov, Ritz earlier Huber, Pospelov, Ritz 33

34. General Two Loop Higgs Contribution to Fermion Dipole Moments 34

35. Outlook EDMs may soon be discovered: d e,d n,d p …d D Magnitudes of ≈ 10 -27 -10 -28 expected for Baryogenesis Atomic, Molecular, Neutron, Storage Ring (All important) CP violation in 2HD Model & H   (Contemporary topics) Uniquely explored by 2 loop edms! May be our only window to Hee, Huu and Hdd couplings Guided by experiment: H   (H  τ + τ − ) etc. Updates Anxiously Anticipated! In the end, the Higgs may be central to our existence and the matter dominated universe! Truly the God Particle 35