1. Sample Mexico vs. United States

2. Sample Demographic Terminology (This slide is not needed for your project) Rate of natural increase- b - d = r = "rate of natural increase“ We can use per capita birth (b) and death (d) rates to calculate a new parameter "r." This parameter is essentially a per capita growth rate, and is calculated as:per capita birth r = b-d. It is essentially the probability that any individual in the population will give birth during the time interval (usually year), discounted for their probability of dying [3]. Annual rate of growth- is change in population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population per unit time. The term population growth can technically refer to any species, but almost always refers to humans, and it is often used informally for the more specific demographic term population growth rate (see below), and is often used to refer specifically to the growth of the population of the world [2].populationdemographicpopulation of the world Total fertility rate (per woman)- is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the current age-specific fertility rates through her lifetime. It is obtained by summing the age-specific rates for a given time-point [2].

3. Sample vs. Because United States has a lower fertility rate (2.1) than Mexico, the population profile has less of a pyramid shape. The reproductive ages are essentially replacing their own figures for the next generation (0-4 age group) Mexico’s fertility rate is currently 2.3, which is slightly above the replacement level. This means that the women in their reproductive years are producing more children than the total numbers in their age bracket. This produces a population profile that has a pyramid shape. Part I: Interpreting Population Data for 2013 Reproductive Ages

4. Sample United States Analysis The Individuals within the reproductive ages (15-44) will be contributing to the next bar (underneath the bottom red bar) in the next 5 years (the 0-4 age group). At a fertility rate of about 2.1, the bar (which we’ll call the future yellow bar) should be roughly the equivalent to the bars in the 15-44 age group. This profile shows a slow growth rate. Reproductive Ages

5. Sample Mexico Analysis The Individuals within the reproductive ages (15-44) will be contributing to the next bar (underneath the bottom bar) in the next 5 years (the 0-4 age group). At a fertility rate of about 2.3, the bar (which we’ll call the future bar) should be slightly higher than the bars in the 15-44* age group. This profile resembles an rapid growth rate. *Couples in Mexico generally have children at a younger age than those in U.S. Reproductive Ages

6. Sample Statistics: 2013 vs. 2033 United States 2013 I 2033 Rate of natural increase (percent).......... 0.6% ….……0.5% Annual rate of growth (percent)...............0.8%….…… 0.6% Life expectancy at birth (years)............... 79………..….80 Infant deaths per 1,000 live births............. 7…….….... 6 Total fertility rate (per woman)................ 2.0……….…2.0 Mexico 2013 I 2033 Rate of natural increase (percent)..........1.6%……......1.0% Annual rate of growth (percent)..............1.2%..……....0.6% Life expectancy at birth (years)...............76………..….79 Infant deaths per 1,000 live births...........13……….......8 Total fertility rate (per woman)................2.3…........... 2.0

7. Sample Population Profiles -2033 vs. The fertility rate in the U.S. in 2033 is expected to be 2.0, below the replacement level. The bottom four bars are the offspring to the women in their reproductive years in the last 16 years, resulting in a slow increase in the population rate. The fertility rate in Mexico in 2033 is expected to be 2.0, which is below the replacement level. The bottom four bars may show a decreasing trend in the population rate. Reproductive Ages

8. Sample Part II: Factors Affecting Population Changes (This slide is not needed for your project. This is just helpful notes) 1)Environmental Resistance: When the population encounters resistance to exponential growth due to environmental factors. 2)Carrying Capacity- The population density that can be supported by the environment. 3)Natural populations grow and decline until a balance is reached between biotic potential and environmental resistance. Humans defeat environmental resistance with intelligence and technology [8]. 4)A limiting factor is a factor that causes population growth to decrease. There are two types of factors that keep populations in check. It is based upon how dense the population is. 5)Populations that are left to grow naturally (without human influence) will eventually limit their growth due to a lack of food, space, or increased population. A balance is often achieved [8].

9. Sample Three Factors that are Limiting Mexico’s Growth Density Dependent: (factors that affect population due to a dense population) 1)Competition for Food- Mexico has 119,000,000 people, which is more than one-third of what the U.S. has, but on one-fifth of the amount of land. The demand for food is high, but the availability is low [4]. 2)Disease- Mexico, being a third world country, doesn’t have the availability of certain medicines and vaccines like the U.S., so disease may spread easier. Ex: Swine Flu epidemic of 2009. Density Independent: (factors that affect population regardless of size) 3)Human Activities- Mexico is becoming more educated with birth control techniques and the availability of them. Women are having children at a later age, thus reducing the fertility rate to 2.0 in the next 20 years [3]. 4)Natural Disaster- Due to global warming, storms are stronger and Mexico is a target to hurricanes, which have been known to kill thousands of people. 5)Emigration- Even assuming strong economic growth and declining birth rates in Mexico, and weak demand for workers in the United States, emigration (to the U.S) in 30 years is still projected to be nearly 400,000 people a year [6]. I listed 5 as extra examples

10. Technological Advancement: Improvement in Schools/Education

11. Sample Evidence Supporting Influence on Population Dynamics Better education in schools will give way to knowledge that can help people improve their cities and villages economically which will lead to a life where children are not needed for status and financial support [6]. 40% of Mexico is below the poverty line and the per capita income is approximately $10,000 a year [6]. By building more schools there would be a positive influence (reduced annual rate) on the population growth rates. As of now 10% of all women older than 15 years old cannot read or write [6]. When women are educated, there is an additional benefit in that they too will want to hold jobs. When women have jobs, this also leads to less children. In countries where no women are enrolled in secondary education, the average woman has seven children, but where 40% of all women have had a secondary education the average drops to three children [7]. By giving developing countries the opportunity to industrialize and improve their economies, we are not only increasing jobs and decreasing poverty, but also decreasing the fertility rate. People will have a choice in using some of their resources to acquire goods, leaving a smaller amount for the raising of children [6]. If the economy is given the opportunity to develop, couples will earn money and be able to bring their families out of poverty. This will then give them the ability to develop social status through the goods they possess rather than the number of children they have [6].

12. Sample References (works cited) 1.http://www.census.gov/ipc///www/idbsum.htmlhttp://www.census.gov/ipc///www/idbsum.html 2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_country 3.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_country 4.http://www.indexmundi.comhttp://www.indexmundi.com 5.http://www.cis.org/articles/2002/back202.htmlhttp://www.cis.org/articles/2002/back202.html 6.http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/populationgrowth.htmhttp://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/populationgrowth.htm 7.Cartledge, Bryan. Population and the Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. 8.Miller, K., Levine, J. Biology, Prentice Hall, 2002 9.Biggs, M., Gregg, K., Hagins, W., Kapicka, C., Lundgren, L., Rillero, P. Biology, Glenco McGraw Hill, 2000