2. Artificial Intelligence Andrea Danyluk For FPS 2/2/04

3. Today we’ll discus: Intelligence Artificial Intelligence A brief history of AI Cool current projects in AI

4. What’s involved in Intelligence? Ability to interact with the world (speech, vision, motion, manipulation) Ability to model the world and to reason about it Ability to learn and to adapt

5. Goals in AI To build systems that exhibit intelligent behavior To understand intelligence in order to model it

6. Modeling people? Sometimes But sometimes we want AI systems to be better and smarter than we are

7. A Brief History of AI 1943: McCulloch and Pitts propose a model of artificial neurons 1956 Minsky and Edmonds build first neural network computer, the SNARC

8. The Dartmouth Conference (1956) John McCarthy organizes a two-month workshop for researchers interested in neural networks and the study of intelligence Agreement to adopt a new name for this field of study: Artificial Intelligence

9. 1952-1969 Enthusiasm: Arthur Samuel’s checkers player Shakey the robot Lots of work on neural networks

10. 1966-1974 Reality: AI problems appear to be too big and complex Computers are very slow, very expensive, and have very little memory (compared to today)

11. 1969-1979 Knowledge-based systems: Birth of expert systems Idea is to give AI systems lots of information to start with

12. 1980-1988 AI in industry: R1 becomes first successful commercial expert system Some interesting phone company systems for diagnosing failures of telephone service

13. 1990s to the present: Increases in computational power (computers are cheaper, faster, and have tons more memory than they used to) An example of the coolness of speed: Computer Chess

14. Computer Chess 2/96: Kasparov vs Deep Blue –Kasparov victorious: 3 wins, 2 draws, 1 loss 3/97: Kasparov vs Deeper Blue –First match won against world champion –512 processors: 200 million chess positions per second How do you think it works???

15. Cool things AI is doing now

16. Robotics Mars rover http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html Humanoid robots http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics- group/ Entertainment robots http://www.us.aibo.com/ Vacuum cleaner robots: “Roomba”

17. Machine Learning Looking for patterns in vast amounts of data that is just too big for humans to analyze [c4.5 demos]

18. Lanuage Systems Automatic translation http://world.altavista.com/ You type, it types back http://www.mrmind.com/mrmind3

19. Speech Systems Movie ticket reservations by phone 1-800-Fandango You talk, it types IBM’s ViaVoice

20. Vision Systems Face recognition and enhancement http://www.ri.cmu.edu/labs/lab_51.html Automated driving - No Hands across America Visual tracking systems http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/research/de mos/.index.html

21. More Information http://www.aaai.org/Pathfinder/html/show.h tml