1. PRIVATE SECTOR ISSUES Chapter Five: Premise Security 1

2. Property and Premise Crime  Property and Premise Crime  In 2005 the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) published by the FBI indicated that there were approximately 10 million serious property crimes: 2 million burglaries 6.6 million larcenies/thefts 1.12 million motor vehicle thefts 2

3. Property and Premise Crime  Property and Premise Crime  The UCR’s Crime Clock indicates that, on average, there is one serious property crime committed every 3.2 seconds: 1 burglary every 14.5 seconds 1 larceny/theft every 4.8 seconds 1 motor vehicle theft every 28.8 seconds 3

4. Property and Premise Crime  Property and Premise Crime  The UCR’s arrest statistics show: 300,000 arrests for burglary 1.15 million arrests for larceny/theft 16,000 arrests for arson 280,000 for vandalism 134,000 for receiving, buying or possessing stolen property 4

5. Property and Premise Crime  Property and Premise Crime  The Economic Cost: $20 million is lost by victims of burglary, motor vehicle theft and personal thefts 5

6. Property and Premise Crime  Property and Premise Crime  The Business Cost: Bankruptcy Business failure Increased cost of insurance Loss of profit Reduced productivity Higher overhead 6

7. Property and Premise Crime  Property and Premise Crime  The Personal Cost: Physical and emotional injuries victims suffer  The Social Cost: Investigating Prosecuting Incarcerating 7

8. Property and Premise Crime  Property and Premise Crime  Because of the work of Private police and security guards burglaries have declined in the past 30 years  Individuals have installed burglar alarms, better locks, steel bars, stronger doors, security glass…  People in general are less likely to keep cash in their homes, since most people have resorted to credit and bank cards 8

9. The Police, Private Security and Property Crime 9  The Police, Private Security & Property Crime  The Police Try to be omnipresent (everywhere at once) Provide a sense of security Make arrests Respond to calls for service Investigate crimes But the police are limited in personnel and jurisdiction

10. The Police, Private Security and Property Crime 10  The Police, Private Security & Property Crime  Private Security Private Security attempts to fill this gap left by the police Private Security: Prevents crimes from occurring Detects crimes when they occur Investigates crimes when they occur Apprehend criminals when the commit crimes

11. Residential Locations 11  Neighborhoods  Citizens are concerned about crime and have taken measures to isolate or protect themselves against it in their neighborhoods  The police patrol residential areas and look for suspicious persons and other conditions that may indicate that a crime is or may be in progress (proactive policing)  The police respond to calls for assistance (reactive polilcing)

12. Residential Locations 12  Neighborhoods  The Broken Windows Theory The “Broken Windows” theory states unrepaired broken windows or disrepair indicate that members of a community do not care about the quality of the life in their neighborhood; consequently, disorder and crime will thrive Disorder in neighborhoods create fear Certain neighborhoods send out signals that encourage crime

13. Residential Locations 13  Neighborhoods  Skogan identified two major categories of disorder that affect the quality of life in the community: Human Physical Disorder: Public drinking Corner gangs Street harassment Drug Noisy neighbors Commercial sex

14. Residential Locations 14  Neighborhoods  Skogan identified two major categories of disorder that affect the quality of life in the community: Physical Disorder: Vandalism Dilapidation Abandonment Rubbish

15. Residential Locations 15  Neighborhoods  Community Policing “Community Policing” is the police efforts at maintaining order and delivering services in a proactive relationship with the community instead of just reacting and responding to each incident that they are summoned to by a 911 call

16. Residential Locations 16  Neighborhoods  Community Policing The police have turned to the public and business communities for their support and active participation in programs to make the streets safer and the quality of life better

17. Residential Locations 17  Neighborhoods  Community Policing Community Crime Prevention Programs Neighborhood Watch Crime Watch Block Watch Community Alert Citizen Patrol

18. Residential Locations 18  Neighborhoods  Business Improvement District The “Business Improvement District” concept involves the combined efforts of the business community and the private security industry with the cooperation of the police

19. Residential Locations 19  Private Residences  We have all heard the saying “A man’s home is his castle”  People build fences, erect walls and plant shrubs to define their property and to protect them  People also spend large amounts of money on outdoor lighting, locks and burglar alarms to protect their property

20. Residential Locations 20  Private Residences  Some Statistics 60% of household burglaries occur during the daytime hours when houses are most often unoccupied 87% were male 63% were under 25 years old

21. Residential Locations 21  Private Residences  Some recommendations to decrease burglaries: Install alarm systems Implement Neighborhood Watch Programs Improve the visibility of houses

22. Residential Locations 22  Private Residences  Some other attempts to decrease burglaries: Some have built “Gated Communities” and posted security officers at the entrance Some apartments and condominiums have access cards, video surveillance (with real time text insertion) and security officers

23. Residential Locations 23  Public Housing Developments  The Journal of Security Administration Crime on properties controlled by public housing creates special problems The problems result from a combination of factors: High density of population Poverty Lack of adequate resources to combat criminal activity

24. Residential Locations 24  Public Housing Developments  The Journal of Security Administration This leads to other problems Illegal drug use Prostitution Burglary Assaults Criminal mischief and vandalism

25. Residential Locations 25  Public Housing Developments  Police patrol these housing units, but: Their resources are limited They can’t maintain a continued presence (they must serve the entire community)  Public Housing Development falls under the control of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, which contracts with security firms to provide security (proprietary forces with police powers) in these developments

26. Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities 26  Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities  Some of the major security problems facing hospitals and healthcare facilities are: The protection and safety of patients and employees Order maintenance Prevention of thefts, fraud and internal employee theft

27. Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities 27  Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities  Hospital security staff are responsible for preventing unauthorized persons from entering the facility or patients’ room (visitor control)  Security problems are often encountered in the hospital’s emergency room due to unruly, disruptive, emotionally disturbed and intexicated patients and visitors

28. Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities 28  Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities  To accomplish this task, hospitals and healthcare facilities generally use both proprietary security and contract security agencies Alarms, access control, video surveillance, uniformed security personnel… Uniformed security presence at hospital entrances Badge control for employees and visitor’s pass system

29. Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities 29  Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities  Particular attention is given to areas where medications are stored  Three measures are usually useful to help decrease loss and thefts of drugs at a hospital or healthcare facility Internal reporting and monitoring Investigations Employee education

30. Government Buildings & Facilities 30  Government Buildings & Facilities  Federal buildings are operated and managed by the General Services Administration  Since 9/11 the Federal Protective Service of the Department of Homeland Security has guarded these buildings  It oversees over 10,000 armed private contract security guards

31. Government Buildings & Facilities 31  Government Buildings & Facilities  The U.S. Capitol and its grounds, including numerous buildings, parks and thoroughfares are protected by the U.S. Capitol Police Traffic checkpoints Horse patrol for crowd control Provide security for members of Congress and their families

32. Educational Facilities 32  Colleges  College campus security officers engage in a wide variety of tasks: Investigation of serious crimes Enforcement of parking regulations Alarm monitoring Building lockup Personal safety escorts Traffic enforcement

33. Educational Facilities 33  Colleges  College campus security officers engage in a wide variety of tasks: Investigation of serious crimes Enforcement of parking regulations Alarm monitoring Building lockup Personal safety escorts Traffic enforcement Notification of campus emergencies

34. Educational Facilities 34  Colleges  The federal Clery Act mandates that colleges and universities that receive federal funds must report crime data to inform the public about crimes on campus  This is mandated for accountability

35. Educational Facilities 35  Secondary and Elementary Schools  These institutions focus on: Order Maintenance Student Safety Access Control Crime Control and Prevention Vandalism

36. Houses of Worship & Cemeteries 36  Houses of Worship & Cemeteries  Churches, synagogues, temples, mosques and other places of worship and cemeteries can be the targeted location for burglaries, vandalism, arson, theft and many other crimes  Read about the “Arson Prevention for America’s Churches and Synagogues” page 128

37. Transportation 37  Airports  The major threats to airports and airlines are: Terrorism Skyjacking Smuggling Air Cargo Theft Access Control Property and Facility Protection Crowd Control Order Maintenance

38. Transportation 38  Airports  In the 1960s numerous incidents of skyjacking led to a national panic  In 1973, after an increase of hijackings, “Security Screening Points” or “Checkpoints” were set up in all U.S. airports under the control of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and were guarded by armed police officers  In 1978, armed police officers at the security checkpoints were discontinued (brutalization effect)

39. Transportation 39  Airports  But many of these checkpoints were ineffective: Screeners missed weapons Inattention to terrorist profiles One way tickets Buying tickets with cash Planes were left unattended and unlocked The most common problem was “Piggybacking” as a method to access restricted areas

40. Transportation 40  Airports  But many of these checkpoints were ineffective: Not following access control procedures to certain areas of the airport Poor security training programs Loopholes in the personnel screening No background checks No fingerprints Allowed felons to get security jobs

41. Transportation 41  Airports  As a result of 9/11, President Bush signed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act: Created the “Transportation Security Administration” (TSA) to protect the nation’s transportation system and ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce TSA now screens passengers at airports which used to be performed by FAA Now, under Department of Homeland Security

42. Transportation 42  Airports  As a result of 9/11, President Bush signed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act: Expanded the Federal Air Marshals Program Created the position of Federal Airport Security Director who would be directly responsible for security at airports New procedures for screening passengers About 15% of the 2 million passengers are chosen for secondary screening

43. Transportation 43  Airports  There are three major security operations that have been instituted at airports to guard against passengers carrying explosives, weapons and contraband: Access Control Profiling Explosive Detection

44. Transportation 44  Ports, Cargo Depots and Trucks  The major security problems for ports, cargo companies, depots and trucking firms are: Terrorism Cargo Theft Hijacking Employee Theft

45. Transportation 45  Ports, Cargo Depots and Trucks  95% of all international commerce enters the U.S. through its roughly 360 public and private ports 80% of the trade moves through only 10 ports Los Angeles Long Beach Oakland New York

46. Transportation 46  Parking Lots and Garages  The major security problems at parking lots and garages: Assaults Robberies Personal Thefts Thefts from Autos Thefts of Autos

47. Transportation 47  Parking Lots and Garages  Parking facilities underneath buildings also create opportunities for terrorists: The World Trade Center in NYC was attacked in 1993 when a terrorist placed a bomb in the parking garage underneath the World Trade Center

48. Transportation 48  Parking Lots and Garages  Parking lot and garage security includes Lighting Perimeter Fencing Call Stations Electronic Video Surveillance Access Control Patrols Awareness Training