1. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System James A. Arnold Chairman State and Local Government Subcommittee Civil GPS Service Interface Committee Presented to: Wyoming Regional Meeting of the State and Local Government Subcommittee of the CGSIC

2. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Topics What is NDGPS? Where did NDGPS come from? Applications Status Research – HA-NDGPS

3. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Topics What is NDGPS? Where did NDGPS come from? Applications Status Research – HA-NDGPS

4. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Differential GPS (DGPS) Maximum Range 250 Miles 400 Km Reference Station.

5. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) The Coast Guard developed the DGPS service to provide the high accuracy needed for harbor and river navigation. USDOT is expanding it inland.

6. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) What does NDGPS give me? System Characteristics Accuracy –0.5 meter near the reference station –Add 1 meter/150 Km –Accuracy with Post Processing is 5 cm Integrity –5 seconds at 100 bps –2.5 seconds at 200 bps

7. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Why is Integrity Important?

8. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Topics What is NDGPS? Where did NDGPS come from? Applications Status Research – HA-NDGPS

9. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Interagency NDGPS Policy & Implementation Team Plans to expand the system for land users began in January 1997 –Executive Steering Group –Policy & Implementation Team Participants DOT/OST Department of Commerce U.S. Coast GuardDepartment of Interior Federal Highway AdministrationDepartment of Agriculture Federal Railroad Administration Army Corps of Engineers Federal Aviation AdministrationU.S. Air Force Environmental Protection AgencyVarious States

10. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Policy and Implementation Team Report and Recommendation Coast Guard DGPS –Can be easily expanded –Signal is not blocked by trees, hills, or buildings –Meets most land and maritime needs when post processing techniques are used Executive Steering Group unanimously decided to expand the Coast Guard DGPS into a nationwide service

11. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) –Can be modified to provide high accuracy (better than 10 cm horizontal) in real time for surveying and land navigation needs –Provided Funding in Coast Guard’s budget to implement NDGPS –Reuse Air Force Ground Wave Emergency Network (GWEN) equipment and sites to augment installation of NDGPS –Integrate NDGPS into: Coast Guard’s DGPS for operational control National Geodetic Survey’s Continuously Operated Reference Stations (CORS) service for surveying applications National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Precipitable Water Vapor System for weather modeling –Ensure that the service is provided free of any user fees –Continually upgrade the system –Sponsor new applications PublicLaw Public Law 105-66 Section 346 October 27, 1997

12. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) NDGPS Reference Station EQUIPMENT AREA FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AND BACKUP POWER GROUP SHELTERS TWIN 30 FOOT GPS REFERENCE STATION RECEIVE ANTENNA TOWERS 8 ft HIGH FENCE GRAVEL ACCESS ROAD 4 FT HIGH FENCE SITE AREA (700x700 FT) GUY WIRES 12 TOP-LOADING ELEMENTS 299 FT TOWER LF TRANSMIT ANTENNA TOWER AREA 8 FT HIGH FENCE

13. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) 299 foot Beacon Antenna Reference & Integrity Antennas Two sets of each Converted GWEN to NDGPS Appleton, WA DGPS Equipment Shelter There is a similar shelter for the 25KVA generator

14. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) International Standard NDGPS is designed to an international, non-proprietary standard –Compliant with RTCM SC-104 and ITU-R M.823 –Greatly increases market for manufacturers –Significantly reduces receiver costs Signal is free to all users ~40 countries operate compatible systems Many other countries are planning systems Resulting in a seamless international navigation system

15. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Acceptance of the international standard is leading to a seamless worldwide service. Acceptance of the international standard is leading to a seamless worldwide service.

16. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Topics What is NDGPS? Where did NDGPS come from? Applications Status Research – HA-NDGPS

17. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) NDGPS Requirements Positive Train Control Provides Situational Awareness Prevents accidents, saving over $60 million per year Reduces fuel consumption by better pacing trains Increases rail line capacity through closer train spacing, thus reducing the need for additional capital investment in plant and equipment

18. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Major Railroad Lines A ubiquitous service with a high degree of accuracy & integrity is needed to improve railroad safety, efficiency & security.

19. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Other Uses of Nationwide DGPS

20. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Maritime Use DGPS guides every type of craft from small pleasure boats to large container ships

21. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Army Corps of Engineers NDGPS in Dredging Army Corps of Engineers Needs 2 meter accuracy to Position their dredging ships

22. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) NDGPS use in Surveying GPS has revolutionized the surveying industry. NDGPS provides survey grade accuracy when used in post processing applications.

23. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Nationwide DGPS Intelligent Transportation System Save lives, increase safety, increase efficiency: Can provide improved GIS data Reduced time to generate map Improved accuracy. Can provide drivers with situational awareness, reducing accidents Potential for improved fleet management without increased infrastructure costs. Improves tracking of hazardous or valuable assets.

24. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Hydrographic Surveys

25. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) NOAA’s Forecast Systems Lab Measuring Water Vapor NDGPS Site in Whitney, NE Water vapor is the most important component of weather and the least observed. NDGPS reference stations continuously measure the water vapor in the atmosphere above the reference station, thus greatly improving short term weather forecasts.

26. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) U.S. Department of Agriculture The Natural Resource Conservation Service in USDA has spent $7 M and purchased 5,000 NDGPS receivers USDA does not have enough federal employees to met requirements of the new farm bill They plan to outsource 5,700 Technical Service Provider positions. Many TSP positions will need NDGPS as well.

27. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Benefits to Agriculture Mapping Soil quality Reducing use of pesticides and fertilizers Monitoring crop yield NDGPS used in Precision Farming saves $5 to $14 per acre.

28. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Alternative Farm Income Photo and design courtesy of Franck Boynton, NAVTECH GPS

29. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Nationwide DGPS Other Federal Agencies 24 Federal Agencies have Public Safety needs –EPA - Locating 1.4 million hazardous material & waste sites –DOI (National Park Service) - Search and Rescue, fire fighting and oil spills –DOE - Monitoring shipments of radioactive materials –DOJ - Locating FBI & DEA personnel in danger & tracking vehicle location –USDA - Fire fighting and resource management –Bureau of Land Management - mapping natural resources and tracking fire fighting equipment –USPS - tracking over 80,000 postal carriers

30. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Nationwide DGPS State & Local Governments Many State & Local Governments needs Mapping transportation infrastructure Responding to emergency 911 calls - Police, fire & ambulance Monitoring police officers’ safety Locating of fire hydrants in snow Monitoring contaminated stream and well water Mapping & Managing Natural Resources

31. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) University NAVSTAR Consortium (UNAVCO) UNAVCO is a non-profit organization that promotes high-precision geodetic & strain techniques using GPS. Funded by NSF and NASA. Uses dual-frequency GPS receivers to measure Plate Rigidity, Plate Movement, Plate Deformation, Plate Boundary Zones to the millimeter level. NDGPS program has installed high stability antenna mounts & choke ring antennas at selected sites to meet UNAVCO needs.

32. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Topics What is NDGPS? Where did NDGPS come from? Applications Status Research – HA-NDGPS

33. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Sandy Hook, NJ Key West, FL Fort Stevens, OR Pigeon Point, CA Portsmouth Harbor, NH Driver, VA Cape Canaveral, FL Louisville, KY Cheboygan, MI Cape Mendocino, CA English Turn, LA Moriches, NY Galveston, TX Wisconsin Point, WI Milwaukee, WI Upper Keweenaw, MI Mobile Point, AL Saginaw Bay, MI Whidbey Island, WA Point Loma, CA Aransas Pass, TX Topeka, KS Neebish Island, MI Memphis, TN Egmont Key, FL Vicksburg, MS Brunswick, ME Whitefish Point, MI Detroit, MI Millers Ferry, AL Point Arguello, CA Miami, FL Sturgeon Bay, WI Youngstown, NY St. Louis, MO Acushnet, MA US COAST GUARD/ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS AND PLANNED NATIONWIDE DIFFERENTIAL GPS SERVICE BROADCAST LOCATIONS Goodland, KS Ronan, MT Penobscot, ME Kirtland, NM Appleton, WA Macon, GA Medora, ND Edinburg, ND Clark, SD Whitney, NE Austin, NV Billings, MT Flagstaff, AZ Hudson Falls, NY Pueblo, CO Bakersfield, CA Klamath Falls, OR Hawk Run, PA Hackleburg, AL Spokane, WA Savanna, GA Myton, UT Greensboro, NC Knoxville, TN Cincinnati, OH Monterey, VA Odessa, Tx Munday, TX Jackson, WY El Paso, TX Gooding, ID Pine River, MN Great Falls, MT Summerfield, TX Onondaga, MI Medford, WI Chico, CA Fenner, CA Bobo, MS Grady, AL Rawlins, WY Henrieville, UT Hagerstown, MD Martinsville, VA Middlebury, VT Jack Creek, NV Tucson, AZ Langtry, TX St. Marys, WV Hartsville, TN Umiat Mount Chamberlain Brooks Range Baird Mountains Ray Mountains Endicott Mountains Anderson Tanana Gold Creek Delta Junction McGrath Unalakleet Pilot Point Cold Bay Kodiak Kenai Potato Point Cape Hinchinbrook Gustavus Icy Cape Annette Island Lincoln, CA Seneca, OR Canton, OK Fayetteville, AR Pacific Junction, IA Ledyard, IA Annapolis, MD Beaufort, NC Kensington, SC Iowa City, IA Wenatchee, WA Elmira, NY Existing Coast Guard/USACE Sites Green - Operating Red - Planned Nationwide Sites Biorka Island Kokole Point, HI Upola Point, HI Pahoa, HI

34. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Milwaukee, WI Topeka, KS PLANNED NATIONWIDE DIFFERENTIAL GPS SERVICE BROADCAST LOCATIONS Goodland, KS Edinburg, ND Bakersfield, CA Klamath Falls, OR Greensboro, NC Knoxville, TN Cincinnati, OH Monterey, VA Odessa, Tx Munday, TX Jackson, WY El Paso, TX Gooding, ID Great Falls, MT Onondaga, MI Medford, WI Fenner, CA Bobo, MS Grady, AL Rawlins, WY Henrieville, UT Martinsville, VA Middlebury, VT Jack Creek, NV Tucson, AZ Langtry, TX St. Marys, WV Seneca, OR Canton, OK Fayetteville, AR Pacific Junction, IA Ledyard, IA Iowa City, IA Wenatchee, WA Elmira, NY Existing Coast Guard/USACE Sites Green - Operating Red - Planned Nationwide Sites Austin, NV

35. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) NDGPS Coverage July 2003

36. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Topics What is NDGPS? Where did NDGPS come from? Applications Status Research – HA-NDGPS

37. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) High Accuracy NDGPS Program Building a Nationwide Centimeter System

38. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Program Objectives Enable 3-d dynamic positioning at the centimeter level throughout the NDGPS network Coexist with the current NDGPS broadcast Minimize the incremental cost of adding HA-NDGPS to NDGPS sites Utilize existing broadcast antenna, reference stations, and site infrastructure Incremental cost <$75K/ existing site

39. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Broadcast Site Configuration TRANSMITTER DIPLEXER REFERENCE STATION DATA FORMATTER MODULATOR TRANSMITTER DGPS/NDGPS HIGH ACCURACY DGPS TO ANTENNA OBSERVABLES CORRECTIONS Rack Mount PC DSP/Analog Card

40. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) High Accuracy NDGPS Applications Lane-keeping in land transportation applications More accurate and efficient land, marine and aerial surveying and mapping Minimize vessel under-keel clearance and enable autodocking in maritime applications Precision agriculture Machine control (Agriculture, Construction) Snowplowing highways in whiteout conditions Rail defect location and automated rail surveying

41. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) High Accuracy NDGPS R&D, Prototype, Standard Development & Implementation The prototype High Accuracy NDGPS site operating in Hagerstown, MD, proves that 10 centimeter accuracy is achievable in real-time at ranges of 150 miles from the reference station R&D funding will investigate improvements in accuracy, integrity and overall signal robustness Finalize standard and implement at all 125 NDGPS sites (including original Coast Guard sites)

42. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Accuracy of HA-NDGPS

43. Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (NDGPS) Success Through Teamwork Army Corps of Engineers Department Of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration Federal Railroad Administration Department Of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Federal Highway Administration Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management