1. Institutional Arrangements and Planning Approaches for Efficient and Effective Water Management Michael Rouse Past President International Water Association (IWA) Introduction to Topic 4.2, and to Session 4.2.1 World Water Forum, Istanbul 17 May 2009

2. Topic 4.2: Water as a Government Priority – a critical issue It is essential that Governments place water sanitation and hygiene policy as a high priority – every year over 4 million people die from diarrhoeal disease – but also without fundamental public health care, children cannot gain access to education and medical care is ineffective Essential that it is seen as part of the overall plan for economic and social development How can this be achieved?

3. Some other key questions The water cycle ensures that water is always available but its distribution is uneven geographically and there are competing users - How can the benefits be shared equitably? How can risks to health be managed? Public participation is essential – how can recognition be given to the need for openness and transparency What does this mean for water governance and planning systems? What are the critical regulatory roles?

4. Investment Booz Allen (2007) estimated infrastructure investment worldwide for the period 2005-2030 –Power US $9 trillion –Transport US$ 9.4 trillion, but –Water US$ 22.6 trillion Much of this on refurbishing existing infrastructure – where access is being reduced How will this investment be financed, planned, managed and paid for? How can the investment be used wisely to achieve improved sustainable access to safe water and dignified sanitation?

5. 25 year Investment in Water Infrastructure AreaUS$ trillion Middle East 0.9 Africa 1.1 US/Canada 6.5 South America /Latin America 7.4 Europe 9.1 Asia/Oceania 15.8 TOTAL 22.6

6. Sessions The topic has been designed to consider those key questions in five sessions: 1.The Big Picture on Planning and Governance 2.Regulation for water and sanitation 3.River basin management in federated countries 4.Risk management to protect health 5.Public participation - openness and transparency Session 6 will aim to bring all aspects together to provide recommendations on ‘Institutional Arrangements and Planning Approaches’

7. This Session: Session 4.2.1 Planning and Governance The Session is in two parts Part 1 Planning and Governance – which will take us up to the break period Part 2 Institutions and Law – which will be introduced by Martin Walshe who will chair the session after the break

8. Governance and Planning It can be argued that the main obstacle to progress is not finance but poor governance and planning This part of the session considers what constitutes effective governance and planning We begin with presentations on –Planning for Rural Water Supplies Michael Rouse –An African Perspective –Tefera Goudeneh –IWRM and National Development Planning- Ali Kerdany –Governance Systems for flood management-Geert Teisman –Water resource and national planning in Brazil- Luiz Firmino Martins Pereiro Then the Panel and you will be in open debate on the issues

9. Planning Rural Water Supplies Michael Rouse International Water Association (IWA) (Distinguished Research Associate, University of Oxford) (Independent International Advisor) Session 4.2.1 WWF Istanbul 17 May 2009

10. Structure of Presentation Introduction The top down / bottom up dilemma An outline of the approach Key players The Obligated Entity The Planning Coordinator Important Information All levels of administration have a role to play

11. Introduction The approach has been developed in India but the principles are widely applicable This presentation should have been made by Nick Pilgrim from WSP in Delhi who has project managed these developments, and who has brought together a number of aspects into a coherent approach I begin with the history of top-down and bottom-up approaches

12. Introduction The approach has been developed in India but the principles are widely applicable This presentation should have been made by Nick Pilgrim from WSP in Delhi who has project managed these developments, and who has brought together a number of aspects into a coherent approach I begin with the history of top-down and bottom-up approaches

13. Top-down and bottom-up The top-down centralised approach adopted in the last century was successful in giving good coverage of water supply infrastructure in India –But there has been ‘slippage’ on access with many systems not being maintained, and there are significant water quality problems The Demand Responsive Approach in which communities design systems, thus taking greater ownership, has not provided the solution due to inadequate consideration of technical and financial support systems for the longer term The WSP project aims to address these deficiences

14. Context of Work The work takes place within the broader context of India’s new National Rural Water Supply Programme and Guidelines The main case study is being led by the Department of Rural Management, State Government of Sikkim, with technical support from WSP-SA. It is a major part of implementing the National Guidelines in Sikkim

15. Overall Structure

16. The Key Players

17. ‘The Obligated Entity’ Gram Panchayat have responsibility (often delegated to Village Water and Sanitation Committees) for service delivery - whether they employ their own operator or contract out the function They have to –Arrange training (with their State Training Institute) –Monitor operational performance, including drinking water quality –Determine priorities for service development, and agree improvement programmes with District –Negotiate and agree subsidies and water charges with District –Implement improvement programmes

18. Planning Coordinator Manage planning process Provide standard templates to capture basic information in technical surveys, drinking water safety plans, and improvement bids Assess improvement proposals from GP, and arrange approval of agreed programmes and associated finance Monitor improvement programmes, provide support as necessary and report Once system established, introduce benchmarking to facilitate learning from ‘best in class’

19. Important Information Technical Surveys –Identify or update the basic information on the system and as far as possible its performance Operating Plans –A list of tasks to be carried out by the GP operator or an operating contractor Drinking Water Safety Plans –Operating plans for drinking water safety determined through a risk management approach Improvement Proposals –Priority items captured from the above documents

20. All levels have a part to play National – guidelines State – policy and finance State Training Institute District – coordination and management of the planning process District – support to GP Gram Panchayat – responsibility for delivery Commitment needed at all levels

21. Reporting WSP-SA propose to publish a report later this year as a World Bank Water Sector Board ‘Water Working Note’