1. How well does GSE work in treating contaminated drinking water?

2. Background Information GSE is considered a broad spectrum anti- bacterial GSE is a quaternary ammonium compound made form grapefruit seed and pulp extract Quaternary ammonias kill microbes by destroying their cellular membrane Pure GSE has been proven effective in laboratories

3. Damaging Effects of GSE GSE is very acidic and can be irritating to eyes and mucous membrane surfaces of the body Prolonged use can have damaging effects on beneficial organisms in the body Like any anti-microbial, over use could eventually lead to increase in GSE resistant forms of microorganisms

4. Initial Model

5. Assumptions Contaminated water used contains disease causing bacteria Medium used to grow cultures does not inhibit growth of disease causing bacteria Both pathogenic and non- pathogenic types of bacteria can be killed with GSE

6. Methods Used Contaminated water from Greenlake was collected Water was treated with differing amounts of GSE solution 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 drops The samples were stirred and aloud to sit for 1 min. Then a sterile swab was used inoculate 8 TSY plates with the different samples The plates were allowed to grow for 48 hours and then a plate count of each was done

7. Data

8. Which water sample would you want to drink? Tap Water Untreated Lake Water 5 drops GSE solution 10 drops GSE solution 15 drops GSE solution 20 drops GSE solution 25 drops GSE solution 30 drops GSE solution

9. Final Claim GSE in its low concentration form is effective in killing some bacteria found in contaminated drinking water. However, it must be used at almost double the recommended dose for it to be considered sufficiently effective.

10. Revised Model

11. References Citricidal Grape Fruit Seed Extract. http://gfx.com/citricidal.htm Citricidal Technical Data http://nutriteam.com/tech.html Grapefruits for Immune Defense http://www.mend.net/immune/grapefruit.html Puotinen. Natural Solutions to Drug-Resistant Infections. http://www.wellbeingjournal.com/nat-solutions.html Totora, Funke, Case. Introduction to Microbiology.