1. PIG RAISING 1

2. A Healthy Environment Shade because pig have no sweat gland in their skin Generally Temp for adult is 10 – 27 C Generally Temp baby pig is 27 – 32 C 2

3. Environmental Pig allow to run lose Fencing Tethering / animal tied to control Building Combination of above Feeders and Waterers Farrowing house 3

4. Nutrition- pig are single stomach; able to eat meat and plant Carbohydrate and fat- corn,rice brand, yam, potatoes casava banana (70 80 %) pig diet for energy Protein- fish meal, oil seed – provide growth Mineral(salt) Calcium, phosphorous for bone and tissue growth Vitamins – growth, reproduce and body function Water – fresh, good health 4

5. Food preparation Grinding Soaking Cooking Chopping (vegetable-fruit) Fermenting 5 Normally, Carbohydrate 70 % Protein 30%

6. Percentage Protein need Sows and adult 16 % Baby 0- 15 kg 20% Baby 15 – 30 kg 18% Young 30 – 60 16% 6

7. Select Young Female Best milking mother Larger litter Larger faster growing No obvious defect (hernias, health problem Minimum well 12 teats Desire body type (least fat more meat) Purchase from trusted farm 7

8. Selected young male Male muscle appearance Free from hernias and health and disease problems Well formed testicles From large litter Fast growing Not related to your female Preferably cross breed 8

9. Reproduction Heat (estrus) 1-3 day period, second day is best fertilizing Heat (estrus) cycle 19 – 21 days 9 Natural Artificial Breeding Length of pregnancy is 114 days

10. Sign of approaching Farrowing time 2-3 weeks breast enlarged 5-7 days farrowing – valva enlarged 24 – 48 hours milk appear in teats 12 -24 hours very nervous, restless and carry dry leaf to make bed, may need inject Oxytocine to help make delivery easier 10

11. Helping new born Remove from membranes Wipe mucus from month and nose Clip navel cord 1-2 inches, dip in iodine, if bleeding, tie navel cord with cotton string Clip tail (1-2 inches) If weather is cool put in box with light bulb Must nurse as soon as possible (maximum 12 hours) Iron injection Cut teeth 11

12. Castrating Male baby should be castrated around 2-4 week of age (while nursing) To prevent odor in meat To prevent the nuisance of the boars not needed for breeding Some think castrated males grow faster 12

13. Weaning In natural state, sows wean their babies when they are around 8 – 10 weeks old In modern operations pigs are weaned early at 3-5 weeks 13

14. Basic sanitation Location: High with drainage Rotate Food and water Building E-W Germ killing – lye-0.45 per water 10 gallons, chorine Vaccinate Treat parasites 14

15. Common disease Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Diarrhea Pneumonia Anemia Skin infection 15

16. Injection Subcutaneous (SQ) Intramuscular (IM) 16 SQ; Baby 18 or 20 : 5/8” or ½” Young 16 or 18 : 5/8” or 1/4” Adult 14 or 16 : 1” or 1/2” IM ; Baby 18 or 20 ½” Young 16 or 3/4” Adult 14 or 16 : 1”

17. Natural Farming - Pigs Partners Relief and Development www.partnersworld.org

18. Purpose and Process To transform farmer from laborer to manager To utilize agricultural waste To make natural fertilizer To sell value added products To make high protein feed

19. Natural Pig Farming Cycle Piglets Fertilizer Feed Sell value added product Market weight pigs

20. Pig Pen Bedding Dig pen floor 90 cm deep Add bedding in 2 layers Mix bedding material with soil from pen - Rice hulls, sawdust, etc.

21. Charcoal 10% Cow manure 10 % Salt 1 - 2 Kg

22. Add 1 - 2 bags white leaf mold concentrate Mix FFJ / FPJ in water (2T per 10L) - Spray on bedding

23. Use same bedding mixture as first layer Cover with a thin layer of rice hulls or other material Fill second layer to top

24. Home made products used in Natural Pig Farming 1. FPJ 2. FFJ 3. FAA 4. Calcium

25. 5. White leaf mold 6. Salt 7. Pig gum

26. 9. Traditional remedies / herbs Control worms with herbal medicine: egg plant Diarrhea: guava leaves, mangosteen peels, persimmon leaves, green bananas Prevent disease with herbs

27. Pig Drinking Water FFJ / FPJ 2T Herb Hormone Mix in 10L water. Free choice all day. Clean water tank every day. Inspect drink valve for water flow. Install 1 drink valve per 5 pigs.

28. Pig Feed 1. Fresh plant material for pig feed 100 Kg + Sugar 4 Kg + Rock salt 1 Kg. Pickle in bucket 3 days. 1 + 2 = Pickled plant material 70 Kg + commercial feed 30 Kg. Total 100 Kg. cost= 5 THB/Kg 2. Commercial food 30 kg 3. Soybean cake 1 Kg per meal

29. Feed twice a day (2-5 kilograms). Feed fresh grass / green vegetables every day, up to 1 Kg / pig.

30. Capital investment per pig Market weight 100 Kg (4-5 months) Feed cost per pig for 5 months = 1500 Average cost per piglet = 1000 THB Total cost per pig = 2500 THB

31. Care of natural farming pigs 1. Dig & mix the bedding every week. - Add bedding material as needed. 2. Spray bedding with fermented juice minimum once a week 3. Feed pigs with “pig gum” to chew relaxing

32. 4. Add charcoal and salt to increase mineral 5. Give fresh grass & green vegetables. - (1 Kg / pig)

33. 6. When pigs are 3 months old, begin removing soiled bedding to make natural fertilizer. Replace with new bedding mixture. You can do this once a week. 7. Clean up inside and around the pig pen to keep things tidy.

34. Partners Relief and Development www.www.partnersworld.org

35. Thank you 35