1. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik GLOBAL PHENOLOGY DATA GEO 2009-2001 Working Plan Sub-task Number: US-09-03d Elisabeth Koch, Mark D. Schwartz, Jake Weltzin

2. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 2 OUTLINE Definition History of phenological research and networks Motivation of Global Phenology Data Status Quo of GPD Potential applications Major results of recent phenological studies

3. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 3 DEFINITION Phenology is the study of the timing of recurring biological events in the animal and plant world Examples: Leaf unfolding and flowering of plants in spring, fruit ripening, colour changing and leaf fall in autumn, as well as the appearance and departure of migrating birds and the timing of animal breeding are all examples.

4. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 4 1300 years of flowering of cherry in Kyoto Source A.Menzel HISTORY OF PHENOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND NETWORKS

5. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 5 HISTORY OF PHENOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND NETWORKS Carolus Linnaeus In Philosophia Botanica, 1751 he outlined methods for compiling annual plant calendars of leaf opening, flowering, fruiting and leaf fall, together with climatological observations so as to show how areas differ… First known phenological network in Sweden and Finland 1750 - 1752

6. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 6 HISTORY OF PHENOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND NETWORKS Societas Meteorologia Palatina 1781-1791 1 st pan European phenology network

7. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 7 HISTORY OF PHENOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND NETWORKS 19 th to 20 th century US network run by the Smithsonian Institute 1851 - 1859: 320 sites in 33 states Belgium: Adolphe Quetelet 1840 - 1870ies app. 80 sites in different West European countries K.k. Monarchy: Carl Fritsch 1851 - 1877 varying number of sites in former Austrian Hungarian monarchy Europe: Hoffman & Ihne´s network 1884 - 1941

8. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 8 MOTIVATION OF GLOBAL PHENOLOGY DATA phenology has rapidly become an important tool for climate change impact studies (IPCC, 2007) long phenological records are existing plant development in mid and high latitude climate region is strongly dependant on temperature thus plant development esp. in spring is an indicator for climate warming and climate change & impacts can be communicated to the public very effectively via phenology earlier onset of spring is much more as phenological events can be observed rather easily observations can be carried out by citizen scientits

9. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 9 STATUS QUO OF GPD http://www.usanpn.org/files/shared/images/data/FORS_opfl_09.png

10. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 10 STATUS QUO OF GPD http://www.usanpn.org/files/shared/images/Schwartz_SIBloom_1996_0.png SI spring index: modelled lilac honeysuckle 1 st bloom dates

11. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 11 STATUS QUO OF GPD

12. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 12 STATUS QUO OF GPD http://www.zamg.ac.at/cost725/login.php follow up COST725

13. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 13 STATUS QUO OF GPD

14. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 14 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS necessary for understanding the interaction between atmosphere and biosphere increase the knowledge of critical exchanges in the planetary carbon balance Development status of vegetation influences albedo, evapotranspiration>> energy balance of the earth – atmosphere system ground truth observations for NDVI-data coupling of ground- and satellite-based observations with meteorological measurements for crop-yield modelling

15. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 15 MAJOR RESULTS OF RECENT PHENO STUDIES

16. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 16 MAJOR RESULTS OF RECENT PHENO STUDIES Temperature reconstruction with grape harvest dates back to the 16 th century in Vienna Maurer, Ch., E. Koch, Ch. Hammerl, T. Hammerl, and E. Pokorny (2009) BACCHUS temperature reconstruction for the period 16th to 18th centuries from Viennese and Klosterneuburg grape harvest dates, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2009JD011730, in press.

17. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 17 MAJOR RESULTS OF RECENT PHENO STUDIES

18. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 18 UPCOMING ACTIVITIES PEP725: 5 years budget Restructuring of database Update & maintenance Conferences: 1 st in June 2010 in Dublin

19. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik 07.01.2014 Folie 19 THE END THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!