1. BAT as a main tool for minimisation of the negative impact of industrial activities Aivi Sissa Tallinn – Estonia 27 – 28 March 2008

2. 2 Industrial production processes account for a considerable share of the overall pollution in Europe Need for prevention and control of pollution from various industrial sources throughout the EU IPPC Directive BREFs Best Available Techniques (BAT) BAT-based permit or general binding rules

3. 3 IPPC and other vertical Directives Vertical Directives (e.g. LCP, SED and WI): Set minimum requirements for pollutants in different industries BAT associated emission levels: Often go beyond those requirements The implementation of all these Directives, and therefore, conformity, is the responsibility of the individual MS

4. 4 Whole environmental performance of the plant Process integrated, not only end-of- pipe techniques Efficiency integrated in the entire production process Integrated approach on BAT

5. 5 Integrated approach Waste gas Land/soil Waste water Energy efficiency Raw materials + auxiliaries (e.g. water, O 2, chemicals) Waste Noise Process efficiency

6. 6 Implementing BAT Achieve a high level of protection of the environment as a whole Promote innovation in Europe Contribute to European technological and economic development

7. 7 Implementing BAT Create a more level playing field in Europe and redress technological imbalances Promote the worldwide dissemination of techniques used in the EU

8. 8 BAT under IPPC Article 2(11) ‘best’ = most effective in achieving a high general level of protection of the environment as a whole ‘available’ = developed on a scale which allows implementation in the relevant industrial sector, under economically and technically viable conditions, considering the costs and advantages……...…

9. 9 BAT under IPPC Article 2(11) ‘techniques’ = both the technology used and the way in which the installation is designed, built, maintained, operated and decommissioned. in determining BAT, special consideration should be given to the items listed in Annex IV

10. 10 Annex IV in summary Waste minimisation (e.g. prevention, recycling, reuse, recovery) Use of less hazardous substances (e.g. substitution) Comparability of processes Efficient use of resources and energy Preventing accidents and consequential environmental impacts …

11. 11 Determination of BAT in BREFs  Identify the key environmental issues for the sector  Examine relevant techniques to address key issues  Identify the best environmental performance levels

12. 12 Determination of BAT in BREFs  Examine the conditions under which these performance levels were achieved  Select BAT and the associated emission and/or consumption levels for the sector in a general sense

13. reduce VOC emissions to 10 – 50 mgC/Nm 3 by using techniques aa + bb + cc (see Section x.y.z) Elements in a ’good’ BAT conclusion BAT is to: Objective/ environmental benefit BAT associated emission level Reference to the section(s) where the technique(s) is/are described Technique(s) to satisfy the objective and meet the associated emission level Examples: Minimise water consumption Optimise energy consumption Prevent soil contamination Minimise the use of raw materials Reduce COD in the water effluents ….

14. 14 From BAT to permit conditions Competent authorities responsible for issuing permits are required to take account of BAT when determining the conditions of the permits In this sense, BAT are a reference point against which to judge the performance of: an existing installation or a proposal for a new installation

15. 15 From BAT to permit conditions … permit conditions must, without prejudice to compliance with environmental quality standards, be based on the best available techniques, without prescribing the use of any technique or specific technology, but –taking into account the technical characteristics of the installation concerned –its geographical location; and –the local environmental conditions.

16. 16 From BAT to permit conditions BAT (in BREFs) BAT-based permit or General Binding Rules Local considerations + Legally binding Descriptive MS right to choose how

17. 17 QUESTIONS?