1. Airbags Present and Future

2. Air-bags GM was first to mass-produce air-bags in 1974 (Oldmobiles and Cadillacs) Basic components are similar in all vehicles Sensing devices/sensors could be anywhere 8-14 mph impact needed +/- 30 degrees from frontal impact

3. Air-bags Since 1987, at least 60 million vehicles have factory equipped airbags 90% of 1997 cars have airbags Driver deaths reduced 14% Passenger deaths reduced 11% There is a 33% increase in deaths in children from passenger side bags

7. Air-bag tips Look for larger, rectangular steering wheel hubs Always have the battery disconnected Sodium Azide is toxic, but when it burns it turns into harmless nitrogen Powdery residue after deflation is only corn starch, talcum powder or baking soda

9. Sequence of Events Sensors detect sufficient inertia causing ball or switch to complete ground circuit Igniter squib detonates Squib generates thermal reaction Thermal reaction ignites Sodium Azide Sodium Azide releases large quantity of nitrogen gas Nitrogen gas inflates the bag All occurs in 50 milliseconds

10. Disarming the system Disconnect ground cable of battery Disconnect the yellow squib connector at the base of the steering wheel GM systems and others have a reserve charge All systems should be assumed to be able to discharge for the next 5-10 minutes after disarming

11. Kids & air-bags Kids don’t have the weight or height Car seats smash kids into seat back Child’s head gets full impact/hyperextension Bag inflates at a speed of 200 mph Most killed by air-bags are small women Kids should be in rear/center Consider air-bag when assessing kids

14. Side impact air-bags Found on cars after 1995 Expect more manufacturers to follow Works similar to front air-bags Side-impact air-bags WILL deploy if the sensor is hit or under pressure To disarm, cut black, ribbed cable running from sensor unit to air-bag –Found between seat back and seat bottom

16. Curtain air-bags Covers side windows Deploy downward in 25 milliseconds Stay inflated for about three minutes Work in conjunction with side air-bags from seat Will be found in 1999 vehicles

17. More !@#$%^&* Airbags

18. Inflatable Tubular Structure (ITS) Attach to posts and roof rails Has no exhaust ports (may remain inflated) Cut out of the way Deflate (very little pressure)

19. SmartBelt Works with existing vehicle airbags Expect to see in two years Inflates within the first 10 milliseconds of a crash –Airbags deploy after 25-30 milliseconds

20. Air-bag video