1. A knowledge sharing session on sectoral balance sheet data reporting SBP: Statistics Department By: Malik Muhammad Ashraf malik.ashraf@sbp.org.pk Naseer Ahmad naseer.ahmed@sbp.org.pk and

2. Name Organization Responsibility SBP: Statistics Department Introduction

3. Objective 1.To introduce : a.The data compilation and dissemination standards b.Concepts of monetary, financial and flow of funds statistics c.Concepts and definitions of the sectoral balance sheet items 2.Create harmony of understanding the concepts and definitions amongst data providers, compilers and users 3.To identify the difficulties and issue in reporting 4.To explore solution to these problems 5.Step ahead for quality data production SBP: Statistics Department

4. Statistical System’s Strength Triangle-SSST SBP: Statistics Department Compilers Providers Users

5. What is in it for you – WIIIFY? SBP: Statistics Department Why data collection and compilation? Concepts and Definitions  System of National Accounts 1993 (1993 SNA)  Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual-2000 (MFSM 2000) Scope and Uses of Data Monetary and Financial Statistics, Flow of Funds Accounts and International Investment Position (IIP) Sources of Data Sectoral Balance Sheet http://www.sbp.org.pk/departments/stats.htm

6. Why compile quality statistics? SBP: Statistics Department Decisions Quality Reliable Doubtful High Low A base for decision making

7. Why compile quality statistics?  Evaluate results of the actions taken;  Analyze the developments of economy  Watch behavior of various sectors of the economy  Record their role in transferring funds  National and international needs, wants and demands  To cope to the demands of policy makers SBP: Statistics Department

8. Major areas of data compilation by Statistics Department: Monetary Statistics Financial Statistics Flow of Funds Accounts of Pakistan International Investment Position Pakistan Balance of Payment Foreign Trade and Services Workers’ Remittances Foreign Investment Banking Statistics Stock Market Statistics Balance Sheet Analysis and Seasonal Adjustment of Data Series Scope and uses of data SBP: Statistics Department

9. The compilation of Monetary and Financial Statistics and Flow of Funds Accounts require balance sheet data from all sub-sectors of the financial sector classified in sectors’ commonly known as sectoral balance sheet. However, Flow of Funds Accounts need data from other sectors of the economy Scope and uses of data SBP: Statistics Department

10. Among other statements based on various combinations of the variables the following main statement are prepared from the sectoral balance sheet data:  Depository corporations survey Depository corporations survey  Deposit money institutions survey Deposit money institutions survey  Other depository corporations survey Other depository corporations survey  Other financial corporations survey Other financial corporations survey  Financial corporations survey Financial corporations survey  Flow of Funds Accounts (FFAs) Flow of Funds Accounts (FFAs)  International Investment Position (IIP) International Investment Position (IIP) Scope and uses of data SBP: Statistics Department

11. Monetary Statistics Monetary Statistics consist of a comprehensive set of stock and flow data on the financial and non- financial assets and liabilities of financial sector of the economy SBP: Statistics Department

12. Financial Statistics Financial statistics consist of a comprehensive set of stock and flow data on the financial assets and liabilities of all sectors of an economy. The financial statistics are organized and presented in the formats designed to show financial flows among the sectors of an economy and corresponding financial asset and liability position. SBP: Statistics Department

13. Flow of funds data Flow of funds data are presented in matrix form, which provides comprehensive coverage of production, distribution, and all non-financial and financial stocks and flows for the total economy as well as for each of its sectors SBP: Statistics Department

14. Non-financial assets Monetary Statistics Other sectors of the economy Financial assets Financial liabilities SBP: Statistics Department Financial sector Non-financial assets Financial assets Financial liabilities Financial Statistics Flow of funds accounts

15. International Investment Position (IIP) IIP is the balance sheet of external financial assets and liabilities of an economy. Financial items that comprise the IIP consist of FDI, FPI, Financial derivatives and other investment on both sides while Reserves on assets side only. SBP: Statistics Department

16. Sources of Data  State bank of Pakistan  Deposit money institutions  Other depository institutions  Non-bank financial corporations (non-depository) (Other financial intermediaries)  Insurance companies  Exchange companies (Financial auxiliaries)  Non-financial corporations Public Private  The rest of the world SBP: Statistics Department

17. Relationship to the 1993 SNA  Concordance between this statement and 1993 SNA with respect to the principals and concepts.  Guidelines for this statement are consistent with 1993 SNA on the issues such as:  Residency criterion  Sectorization of the economy  Classification of assets and liabilities  Recording of transactions and other flows  Valuation of assets and liabilities SBP: Statistics Department

18. Residency criterion  Individuals  No nationality or legal boundaries (Political boarders) but Economic territory (Economic territory consists of geographic territory with in which persons, goods and capital circulate freely – includes, Airspace, territorial waters, free trade zones etc.)  Centre of economic interest  +1 year  Exceptions Students Crew members Diplomats Armed forces members SBP: Statistics Department

19.  Corporations +1 year Separate set of accounts Significant production of goods or services Transactions located in that economy SBP: Statistics Department Residency criterion

20. Sectors of the economy 1.Non-financial corporationsNon-financial corporations 2.Financial corporationFinancial corporation 3.General governmentGeneral government 4.NPIs serving households 5.HouseholdsHouseholds 6.The rest of the world SBP: Statistics Department Components of liabilities & assets

21. Sectors/sub-sectors of the economy 1.Non-financial corporationsNon-financial corporations Public Private  Foreign controlled Foreign controlled  National private Back

22. 2.Financial corporations A.Depository corporations a.Central bank b.Other depository corporations Deposit money institutions  Public  Private Foreign controlled National private c.Other deposit accepting institutionsOther deposit accepting institutions SBP: Statistics Department Sectors/sub-sectors of the economy

23. B.Other financial intermediariesOther financial intermediaries  Public  Private Foreign controlled National private C.Financial auxiliariesFinancial auxiliaries  Public  Private SBP: Statistics Department Sectors/sub-sectors of the economy

24. E.Insurance corporations and pension funds i)Life insurance corporations Public Private  Foreign controlled  National private ii)Non-life insurance corporations Public Private  Foreign controlled  National private iii)Pension funds Public Private  Foreign controlled  National private SBP: Statistics Department Sectors/sub-sectors of the economy Back

25. 3.General government a)Central government i)Federal government excluding NPIs & Public ent. ii)NPIs (Non market) b)Provincial Governments i)Provincial Governments excluding NPIs & Public ent. ii)NPIs(Non market) c)Local governments 4.Non-profit institutions serving households (non-market)Non-profit institutions a)Foreign controlled b)National private SBP: Statistics Department Sectors/sub-sectors of the economy

26. 5.HouseholdsHouseholds a)Employers b)Own account workers c)Employees d)Recipient of property and transfer incomes SBP: Statistics Department Sectors/sub-sectors of the economy

27. Sectoral definitions  Deposit money institutions These consist of resident depository corporations, which have any liabilities in the form of deposits payable on demand, transferable by cheques or otherwise useable for making payments. Commercial banks, specialized banks and Punjab provincial cooperative bank in Pakistan fall under this category. SBP: Statistics Department Back

28. Sectoral definitions  Non-financial corporations Non-financial corporations are resident corporations and quasi corporations whose principal activity is the production of market goods or non-financial services.quasi corporations SBP: Statistics Department

29. Sectoral definitions  Quasi corporations Quasi-corporations are unincorporated enterprises that function as if they were corporations, and oProduction is maintained for one year or more. oA separate set of accounts is maintained for the local activities. oIncome tax is paid in the host country. SBP: Statistics Department Back

30. Sectoral definitions  Foreign controlled Foreign controlled corporations are resident corporations controlled by non-residents. It is difficult to determine the degree of effective control in a corporation that has majority ownership shares; the general rule is that owners should exercise majority control in the form of greater than 50% the voting shares or management is fully under control of non- residents. SBP: Statistics Department Back

31. Sectoral definitions  Public enterprises Resident corporations controlled by the government. Control may be exercised through ownership of more than half the voting shares, legislation, decree, or regulations that establish specific corporate policy or allow the government to appoint the directors. SBP: Statistics Department Back

32. Sectoral definitions  Other deposit accepting institutions These consist of resident depository corporations, which have any liability in the form of deposits that may not be readily transferable or in the form of financial instruments such as short-term certificates of deposits, which are close substitutes for deposits. SBP: Statistics Department Back

33. Sectoral definitions  Other financial intermediaries Corporations engaged in financial intermediation, which raise funds on financial markets, but not in the form of deposits, and use them to acquire other kind of financial assets. These include discount houses, venture capital companies, mutual funds, housing finance companies and cooperative banks except Punjab provincial cooperative bank etc. SBP: Statistics Department Back

34. Sectoral definitions  Financial auxiliaries Corporations such as securities brokers, loan brokers, floatation corporations, exchange companies insurance brokers etc. they also include corporations whose principal function is to guarantee, by endorsement, bills or similar instruments intended for discounting or refinancing by financial corporations, and also corporations which arrange hedging instruments such as swaps, options, and futures or other instruments which are continually being developed as a result of wide-ranging financial innovation. SBP: Statistics Department Back

35. Sectoral definitions  NPIs (Market) 1.E ngaged in market production. 2.Charge fees determined by their costs of production. 3.Retain surpluses if any. SBP: Statistics Department

36. Sectoral definitions  NPIs (Non-market) Non-market producers that provide most of their output free or at prices that are not economically significant (i.e., at prices that do not significantly influence amounts supplied or amounts purchased). NPIs engaged mainly in non-market production fall into two main groups: The NPIs that are mainly controlled and financed by the government Those NPIs providing non-market goods and services to households and financed mainly by transfers from non- government sources – households, corporations, or non-residents etc. These are commonly termed as NPISHs, a separate sector of the economy. SBP: Statistics Department Back

37. Sectoral definitions  Employers The employers' are self-employed persons with paid employees.  Own account workers These are self-employed persons without paid employees.  Employees These are persons, which receive income from their employers.  Recipient of property and transfer incomes These are persons, which receive income from property or transfers as the largest source.. SBP: Statistics Department Back

38. Assets/ Liabilities 1.Currency and Deposits a)CurrencyCurrency b)Transferable depositsTransferable deposits c)Restricted/ compulsory depositsRestricted/ compulsory deposits d)Other depositsOther deposits 2.Securities other than sharesSecurities other than shares 3.LoansLoans 4.Shares and other equityShares and other equity 5.Insurance technical reservesInsurance technical reserves 6.Financial derivativesFinancial derivatives 7.Other accounts receivable/ payableOther accounts receivable/ payable 8.Non-financial assetsNon-financial assets SBP: Statistics Department

39. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Currency (Cash in hand) Notes and coins that are of fixed nominal values and accepted as legal tender in an economy that are issued by the central bank and/or government. Also includes currency that is no longer legal tender, but that can be exchanged immediately for current legal tender. This category subdivided into bank notes, coins including prize bonds purchased over the counter for value to surrender the SBP/ National Directorate of Savings and foreign currency notes and coins SBP: Statistics Department Back

40. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Transferable deposits 1.Demand deposits in national or in foreign currency i.e., exchangeable on demand at par without penalty or restriction. 2.Freely transferable by cheque or otherwise, commonly used to make payments. SBP: Statistics Department Back

41. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Restricted/ compulsory deposits Deposits for which withdrawals are restricted on the basis of legal, regulatory or commercial requirements are restricted deposits. Examples are; a)Import deposits that are required of importers in advance of importation. b)Transferable deposits that have been posted to depositors’ accounts, but that can not be withdrawn upon until the deposit items (e.g., cheques or drafts) have been collected by the depository corporations that accepted them. c)Compulsory savings deposits arising from an official requirement that are share of a worker’s earnings. d)Foreign currency deposits that are blocked. e)Deposits of financial corporations that are closed pending liquidation or reorganization. SBP: Statistics Department Back

42. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Other deposits All claims other than transferable deposits and restricted deposits in national currency or in foreign currency that are represented by evidence of deposits. These include: 1.Sight deposits (which permit immediate cash withdrawals but not direct third-party transfers); 2.Non-transferable savings deposits and term deposits; 3.Financial corporations’ liabilities in the form of shares or similar evidence of deposits that are legally or in practice, redeemable immediately or at relatively short notice; 4.Shares of money-market funds that have restrictions on third-party transferability 5.Call money deposits SBP: Statistics Department Back

43. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Investment in securities other than shares Investments in financial assets that are normally traded in the financial markets and that give the holders the unconditional right to receive stated fixed sums on a specified dates or the unconditional right to fixed money incomes or contractually determined variable money incomes. These securities are classified as short-term and long-term securities other than shares such as Government treasury bills, Federal government bonds, Federal investment bonds, Commodity bonds, Pakistan investment bonds, corporate bonds and debentures, negotiable certificates of deposits (not negotiable would be categorized under deposits), commercial paper, TFCs, PTCs, Modaraba certificates, and negotiable securities backed by loans or other assets. Preferred stock or shares that pay a fixed income but do not provide for participation in the distribution of residual value of an incorporated enterprise on dissolution are also included in this category. SBP: Statistics Department Back

44. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Loans extended (Advances) and Borrowings Financial asset resulting from the delivery of cash or other assets by a lender to a borrower in return for an obligation to repay on a specified date or dates, or on demand, usually with mark-up or interest. Creditor’s outstanding claim should match the debtor’s obligation, which comprises the outstanding principal amount plus any accrued interest (i.e., interest earned but not yet due for payment). Not adjusted for expected losses. The value of a loan portfolio should be adjusted downward only when (1) loans are actually written off as un-collectible or (2) when the outstanding amount of the loan has been reduced through formal debt reorganization. SBP: Statistics Department

45. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Loans extended (Advances) and Borrowings These include:-  Commodity operations  Trade financing  Government self employment schemes  Working capital loans  Fixed investment loans  Bills purchased & discounted  Reverse REPO/ REPO  Money at call  Consumer financing  Financial leases & similar arrangements SBP: Statistics Department Back

46. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Shares and other equity All instruments and records acknowledging claims to the residual value of companies / corporations, after the claims of all creditors have been met are categorized as shares and other equity. There are several types of shares, including common stock, preferred stock, treasury stock, and dual class shares. Mutual funds and NIT units are to be included under this category, for the reason that they give rise to the equity of issuing institution. Shares and other equity as assets should be reported separately as quoted and non-quoted. SBP: Statistics Department

47. Assets/ liabilities – definitions Quoted shares - ordinary Shares are usually traded on a stock exchange, where people and organisations may buy and sell shares in a wide range of companies. A given company will usually only trade its shares in one market, and it is said to be quoted, or listed, on that stock exchange. However, some large, multinational corporations are listed on more than one exchanges. They are referred to as inter-listed shares SBP: Statistics Department

48. Assets/ liabilities – definitions Unquoted shares Unquoted shares are shares which are not traded on stock exchanges or other organized financial markets. SBP: Statistics Department

49. Assets/ liabilities – definitions Preferred stocks / shares with claims on residual value Preferred stocks are shares of a corporation, which represent ownership in a corporation with the distinction that if company earnings are sufficient, and dividends are to be paid, dividends must be first paid to these holders of stock. Preferred shares have priority over common shares in the distribution of dividends and assets. SBP: Statistics Department

50. Assets/ liabilities – definitions Valuation of Shares 1.Investment is the shares of other companies are required to be reported at market price. 2.Shares of your company with others (liability) is required to be reported at book value. 3.Shares that have been bought back from the public. These reacquired shares (called treasury shares) are not included in holdings of shares. SBP: Statistics Department

51. Assets/ liabilities – definitions SBP: Statistics Department  General and special reserves General and special reserves are capital redemption reserves, profit prior to incorporation, share premium, statutory reserves and appropriations of retained earnings. General and special reserves should be valued as the nominal amount of earnings that have been retained.

52. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Retained earnings All earnings (after-tax profit) from the overall operations of the corporations less any amount allocated to general and special reserves, which is established as a capital cushion to cover operational and financial risks of the corporations. SBP: Statistics Department

53. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Current year result Accumulated revenues during the year minus expenditures minus taxes minus retained earnings minus general and special reserves minus dividend payable. SBP: Statistics Department Back

54. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Insurance technical reserves Current claims of policyholders and beneficiaries rather than net equity of insurance corporations. Generally classified as under:- 1.Prepayments of premiums, and 2.Reserves against outstanding claims with insurance companies SBP: Statistics Department Back

55. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Financial derivatives Financial instruments that have no intrinsic value, and are linked to another specific financial instrument, indicator (foreign currencies, government bonds, share price indices, interest rates, etc.), or commodity (gold, wheat, sugar, etc.) through which specific financial risks can be traded in financial markets in their own right. SBP: Statistics Department

56. Assets/ liabilities – definitions Unrealized gain/loss on forward foreign exchange contracts In a forward contract, the counter parties agree to exchange, on a specified date, a specified quantity of an underlying item (real or financial) at an agreed-upon contract price. The unrealized gain to be received due to difference between the rates agreed upon and the rate prevailing in the market should be reported as financial derivatives. SBP: Statistics Department

57. Assets/ liabilities – definitions Unrealized gain/loss on currency swaps The best way to outline how Currency Swaps can save your money is by using an example. Let's say the deal you just signed today has to be paid in Euros. However, you don't have Euros but you will be getting a payment in Euros in a few weeks. Instead of buying Euros today, you can arrange a Swap. It allows you to borrow the Euros you need to pay for the purchase you just made, and then pay them later. The gain or loss due to prevailing rate and agreed rate is your asset or liability. SBP: Statistics Department

58. Assets/ liabilities – definitions Unrealized gain/loss on option contracts The purchaser of an option contract pays premium to the writer of the option. In return, the buyer acquires the right but not the obligation to buy (call option) or sell (put option) a specified underlying item (real or financial) at an agreed-upon contract price (the strike price) on or before a specified date. The buyer of an option acquires an asset, and the option writer incurs a liability. However, an option may expire without worth; it is exercised only if settling the contract is advantageous to the buyer. Therefore, unrealized gains/loss through these contracts would be reported as financial derivatives. SBP: Statistics Department

59. Assets/ liabilities – definitions Unrealized gain/loss on futures contracts Futures are standardized forms of forward contracts mostly traded on organized exchanges. An exchange- traded obligation to buy or sell a financial instrument or to make a payment at one of the exchange's fixed delivery dates, the details of which are transparent publicly on the trading floor and for which contract settlement takes place through the exchange's clearing house. The counter party in a futures transaction is the exchange. On the other hand, a forward is mostly an over-the-counter (OTC) transaction and the counter party is the contracting party. The, unrealised gains/losses through these contracts would be reported. SBP: Statistics Department Back

60. Other accounts receivable/ payable  Trade credit & advances Trade credit & advances  Dividends receivable/ payable Dividends receivable/ payable  Settlement accounts Settlement accounts  Items in the process of collection Items in the process of collection  Head office and inter branches adjustments  Suspense account Suspense account  Prepayment of taxes  Prepayment of rent  Prepaid operating expenses  Provision for loan losses or other losses Provision for loan losses or other losses  Provision for expected costs  Accrued wages, rent and taxes etc  Accumulated depreciation Accumulated depreciation  Other miscellaneous asset/ liability items n.e.s SBP: Statistics Department Back

61. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Trade credit & advances Unlike loans, trade credit is non-interest bearing credit facility. It is extended directly for sales of goods, supplies and materials on deferred payments to a buyer. Interest is charged if the debtor defers payments from the schedule. Advances are extended for work in progress (if classified or to be classified as such under inventories by the debtor) and prepayments for goods and services. These do not include loans to finance trade credit, which are classified under loans. SBP: Statistics Department Back

62. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Dividends receivable/ payable Dividends receivable/ payable on corporate shares arise from the recording of dividends when the dividends are declared, rather than when the dividends are paid. This is distribution of earnings to shareholders prorated by the class of security and paid in the shape of money, stock, scrip, or rarely, company products or property. SBP: Statistics Department Back

63. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Settlement accounts Settlement accounts should be used to account for differences in the time of recording of 1.Purchases or sale of financial assets, on the trade dates when change of ownership occur and; 2.The subsequent payments for the financial assets on the settlement dates. SBP: Statistics Department Back

64. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Items in the process of collection Cheques or other types of transferable items that are posted directly to depositors’ accounts, but these are unavailable for use until after the transferable items have cleared through the central bank or clearing organization. If neither posted to depositors’ accounts nor cleared, these are contra assets/ liabilities. SBP: Statistics Department Back

65. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Suspense account It is a temporary holding account for errors and omissions, items that having no proper classification pending until the determination of the proper account about their allocation. On liability side, it would be an account that is used to store short-term funds or securities until a permanent decision is made about their allocation SBP: Statistics Department Back

66. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Provision for loan losses or other losses Setting aside a part of a corporation’s income to cover anticipated loan losses or other losses; such provisioning may be made as a percentage of various classes of non- performing loans or may be for specific loan identified as irrecoverable or on other assets. SBP: Statistics Department Back

67. Assets/ liabilities – definitions  Accumulated depreciation Depreciation is a systematic allocation of the cost of a depreciable asset to expense over its useful life. Accumulated depreciation contains the depreciation of the asset from the financial year in which it was bought up to the present financial year SBP: Statistics Department

68. Revaluation of depreciable assets Illustration: An asset was purchased at the cost of Rs 300,000. It was decide by the management that the depreciation would be charged @ 20% on the basis of SLN method. At the end of the 3 rd year management decided to revalue the asset to the current market value. The current market value is 210,000.

69. Revaluation of depreciable assets Illustration: Option 1. Debit:Accumulated depreciation180,000 Credit:Cost of asset A/c180,000 Debit:Cost of asset a/c 90,000 Credit:Revaluation reserve A/c 90,000 New value of asset = 300,000 – 180,000 + 90,000 = 210,000 Back

70. Non-financial assets Entities from which their owners may derive economic benefits by holding them or using them over a period of time are called non-financial assets. Non-financial assets consist of tangible assets, both produced and non-produced, and intangible assets for which no correspondence liabilities are recorded SBP: Statistics Department

71. Non-financial assets Produced assets Fixed assets Tangible fixed assets Intangible fixed assets Inventories valuables Non-produced assets Tangible non-produced assets Intangible non-produced assets SBP: Statistics Department

72. Non-financial assets Produced assets Produced assets comprise non-financial assets that have come into existence as outputs from production processes. Produced assets consist of fixed assets, inventories and valuables. SBP: Statistics Department Back

73. Fixed assets Produced assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in production processes for more that one year. Tangible fixed assets are dwellings, other buildings and structures, machinery and equipments, and cultivated assets such as livestock for breeding and plantation. Intangible fixed assets are computer software, entertainment, literary or artistic originals. SBP: Statistics Department Back

74. Inventories Inventories are produced assets such as: Materials and supplies Work in progress Finished goods; and Goods for resale etc. SBP: Statistics Department Back

75. Valuables Assets that are acquired and held primarily as store of value, not used for production or consumption such as: Non-monitory gold Paintings, etc. SBP: Statistics Department Back

76. Non-produced assets Non-produced non-financial assets are both tangible and intangible that come into existence other than trough process of production. Tangible non-produced assets include land, subsoil assets, water resources, etc. Intangible non-produced assets include patents, leases, and purchased goodwill. SBP: Statistics Department Flows

77. Stock and flows Opening stock Net transactions Valuation changes Other changes in volume Closing stock SBP: Statistics Department

78. While reporting, MAKE sure:  To read description of major categories of assets and liabilities given in the Reporting Guide before filling the questionnaire (Annexure III).  To fill the amounts in columns where applicable  That all items of assets and liabilities are reported in thousands of Pak Rupees  Opening stock of the year matched with the closing stock of the preceding year  That total assets and liabilities are equal  The total of transactions, valuation changes and other changes on volume of assets side are equal to those of liabilities side SBP: Statistics Department Exercise

79. Net transactions Net of acquisition and disposal of assets and liabilities that arise by mutual agreement between institutional units, from the creation, liquidation or change in ownership of assets and liabilities – Change of ownership occur through sale of all rights, obligations, and risks associated with an asset or liability SBP: Statistics Department

80. Examples of net transactions 1.Net currency received during the reporting period. (Assets) 2.Net of bank deposits placed with financial institutions and withdrawn from them during the reporting period (Assets) 3.Deposits and interest credited minus withdrawals from the accounts of individuals/ institutions during the reporting period i.e. net of credit and debit in the deposit accounts (Liabilities). 4.Net of loans disbursed and repaid during the reporting period (Assets) 5.Net of acquisition and disposal of liability in the shape of borrowings during the reporting period (Liabilities) SBP: Statistics Department

81. 6.Net investment in securities other than shares i.e., securities purchased minus securities matured/ claimed during the reporting period (Assets). 7.Net of securities issued and redeemed during the reporting period (Liabilities). 8.Net investment in shares of corporations i.e., total shares acquired minus shares disposed off during the period (Assets). 9.All subsequent changes in the paid-up capital through issuance of shares (Liabilities) Examples of net transactions SBP: Statistics Department

82. 10.Receivable/payable items generated during the reporting period. 11.Total premium paid for the subsequent period minus premium consumed during the reporting period and outstanding claims that have to be settled with the insurance corporations– Insurance Technical Reserves (Assets). 12.Non-financial asset acquired during the reporting period after adding the cost of ownership transfer if born by the company minus transferring of non-financial asset to another entity by sale or gift after deduction of cost of ownership transfer if born by the company. Examples of net transactions SBP: Statistics Department Back

83. Valuation changes SBP: Statistics Department  Exchange rate changes  Price changes  Fair valueFair value

84. Valuation changes SBP: Statistics Department Fair value The fair value of a financial asset or liability refers to the value that approximates the value that would arise from a market transaction between unrelated parties. General methods:  Market prices of financial assets and liabilities that are market traded but otherwise similar to the non-traded financial assets and liabilities that are being fair valued; or  Discounted present values of future cash flows from non- traded financial assets and liabilities. Back

85. Other changes in volume Financial flows that arise from asset and liability changes other than those arising from transactions and revaluations. These includes: 1.Write-offs of claims (Debt forgiveness is transaction, not OCV because both parties agree in this case) 2.Economic appearance of intangible non-produced assets such as purchased good will. 3.Catastrophic losses such as natural disasters, acts of war, and riots etc. 4.Uncompensated seizures such as possession taken by governments due to non payment of taxes, fines or similar livies 5.Sectoral reclassification 6.Transactional reclassification (loan to grants or securities etc) SBP: Statistics Department Back

86. SBP: Statistics Department