1. Manufacturing Advanced Design Applications Manufacturing © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications Teacher Resource Unit / Lesson Learning Cycle One Learning Cycle One – Consumers

2. The BIG Idea  Big Idea: The design and manufacture of products is affected by customer, societal, economic, and environmental concerns. Knowledge of these external factors and how they shape the process is essential for designing and manufacturing successful products. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

3. We Are All Consumers Every day we are surrounded by and use products that fulfill our personal needs or wants. Each of us, at one time or another, has gone through the process of buying a product that would best fit a personal need. Example: When buying a new smartphone, we may decide to purchase a particular model because it has the features that we most prefer. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

4. We Are All Consumers Sometimes your decisions are complicated because there are too many choices or competing or conflicting selection criteria. Many consumer decisions involve trade-offs. Example: You may find only one computer brand with all the features you desire, but the color does not fit the decor of your room. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

5. External Factors Society Economy Environment Politics Culture Product designers and engineers deal with these factors and choices on a daily basis. External factors affect the design of a product before it is manufactured. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications External Factors

6. Consumer Wants  Manufacturers must make a number of important decisions as they develop a product.  Every successful manufacturing endeavor must consider the needs of the target consumers.  You can develop a great product, but if you’ve misjudged what your consumer wants or is willing to buy, it won’t sell. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

7. Consumer Wants  The collection of consumer data is integral to the design of products in industry.  Companies use marketing surveys to collect and categorize data.  This allows them to obtain feedback from consumers about their wants and needs.  They can then use this information to develop and market their products, making them more appealing to their consumers. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

8. Societal Factors At times, trends within society affect the way products are designed Society’s concern for passenger safety forced automobile manufacturers to incorporate safety features into the design of cars. Question: How has the widespread use of drive-through restaurants by Americans forced manufacturers to change the interior design of automobiles? © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

9. Societal Factors Sometimes products are developed that change society. For example, social media has created the perception that people should be connected at all times. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

10. Environmental Factors Environmental factors also influence product design. Resources and materials must be carefully chosen to ensure that waste doesn’t become an environmental concern. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

11. Economic Factors One example is material prices. If a furniture product is made out of a particular type of wood and a natural disaster damages the geographic area where this tree grows, the manufacturer will be forced to weigh the decision of whether to find another area to buy the material or build the furniture with a different type of wood. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

12. Political Factors Government regulations can control product development, an example is regulations concerning pollution and waste. “Green engineering” is a term used to describe the process whereby engineers attempt to design products and processes that reduce the negative impacts products make on the environment. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

13. Political Factors The designing, making, marketing, and use of products and processes are controlled by the governmental regulations defined by the Environmental Protection Agency. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

14. Political Factors Scientists suggest that certain product packaging materials cause environmental damage 1.Think about three different product packages 2.Identify which societal factors may have influenced the product packaging. 3.How has the packaging for this type of product changed over the years? © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

15. Product Spin-Offs  Most of the time materials, products, or processes are developed for specific purposes.  However, sometimes the materials, products, or processes developed for a specific purpose are applied to meet a need in a different situation or context. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

16. Product Spin-Offs  For example, in the early 1970s an inorganic zinc-silicate coating material called IC-531 was developed at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.  NASA developed this material to protect the launch structures at Kennedy Space Center from salt corrosion, rocket exhaust, and thermal shock. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

17. Product Spin-Offs  More than a decade later, IC-531 turned out to be the perfect coating to protect the interior structure of the Statue of Liberty and prolong the statue’s life. This coating material has also been used to protect the Columbia River Bridge, as well as power transmission stations used by power utility companies. © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

18. Connection to Primary Challenge What are the economic factors that must be considered when selecting a designing your product? How will they affect your choice? How could you measure society’s impact on your choice before it is marketed? What type of product would be most appealing? How have other manufacturers responded to societal demands in the past? © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications

19. Connection to Primary Challenge How will environmental concerns impact your product design? What are the pros and cons of using recyclable and/or biodegradable materials? © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advanced Design Applications