1. 1. Methods of Social Studies

2. I. Geography A. INTRODUCTION -Cultures have adapted (or changed) their environment in order -Cultures have adapted (or changed) their environment in order to meet their needs/wants to meet their needs/wants (Monsoons, Terrace Farming) (Monsoons, Terrace Farming) - Certain Geographic Features can act as natural barriers that - Certain Geographic Features can act as natural barriers that isolate cultures from other cultures isolate cultures from other cultures (Deserts, Mountains, Oceans, Islands) (Deserts, Mountains, Oceans, Islands) -Others can help advance trade -Others can help advance trade (Navigable Rivers, Natural Resources, Irregular Coastlines) (Navigable Rivers, Natural Resources, Irregular Coastlines) -Others can hurt a culture -Others can hurt a culture (Lack of Natural Resources ) (Lack of Natural Resources )

3. II. Geographic Themes 1)Location 2) Place 3)Interactions 4) Movement 5) Region

4. II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES 1) LOCATION DEFINITION : EXACTLY WHERE A PLACE IS LOCATED IN THE WORLD A) How Do You Find Your Location 1) LATITUDE LINES - MEASURE DISTANCE NORTH AND SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR (RUN HORIZONTAL OR ACROSS A MAP) - EQUATOR ( 0 DEGREES LATITUDE) - STARTING POINT WHEN DETERMINING LATITUDE - LINES ABOVE THE EQUATOR ARE NORTH - LINES BELOW THE EQUATOR ARE SOUTH

6. II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES ( Pg. 2) 2) LONGITUDE LINES -MEASURE DISTANCE EAST AND WEST OF THE PRIME MERIDIAN (RUN VERTICAL OR UP/DOWN - PRIME MERIDIAN ( O DEGREES LONGITIUDE) - STARTING POINT WHEN DETERMINING LONGITUDE - LINES THAT ARE LEFT OF THE P.M. ARE WEST -LINES THAT ARE RIGHT OF THE P.M. ARE EAST

8. B. Types of Maps WHEN LOOKING AT A MAP, YOU SHOULD FOCUS ON TWO ITEMS 1) TITLE OF THE MAP 1) TITLE OF THE MAP -Usually located on the top of the Map 2) THE MAP KEY 2) THE MAP KEY - DISPLAYS IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING THE MAP - WILL HELP TELL WHAT TYPE OF MAP IT IS

10. B. TYPES OF MAPS (Pg.2) 1) PHYSICAL MAP ILLUSTRATES THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF AN AREA SUCH AS THE MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES, AND ELEVATION. ILLUSTRATES THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF AN AREA SUCH AS THE MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES, AND ELEVATION.

11. Physical Map

12. B. TYPES OF MAPS (Pg. 3) 2) THEMATIC MAP Designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area Examples of a Thematic map: Examples of a Thematic map: Economic Map, Climatic Map Economic Map, Climatic Map

13. Economic Map

14. Thematic Map

15. B. TYPES OF MAPS (Pg.4) 3) POLITICAL MAP SHOWS STATE AND NATIONAL BOUNDARIES, NATIONAL CAPITALS AND MAJOR CITIES SHOWS STATE AND NATIONAL BOUNDARIES, NATIONAL CAPITALS AND MAJOR CITIES

16. Political Map

17. II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES (Pg.3) 2) PLACE DEFINITION: PHYSICAL FEATURES OF A SPECIFIC LOCATION PHYSICAL FEATURES- LANDFORMS ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE EXAMPLES: MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DESERTS, PLAINS

18. II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES (Pg.4) 3) INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS HOW PEOPLE HAVE BEEN AFFECTED BY HOW PEOPLE HAVE BEEN AFFECTED BY THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND HOW HAVE THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND HOW HAVE THEY MODIFIED IT OR ADAPTED TO FIT THEY MODIFIED IT OR ADAPTED TO FIT THEIR NEEDS THEIR NEEDS EXAMPLES: BUILDING DAMS, BRIDGES, CANALS, ROADS ROADS

19. II. GEOGRAPHIC THEMES (Pg.5) 4) MOVEMENT PEOPLE MOVING TO DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN ORDER TO FULFILL THEIR BASIC NEEDS BETTER PEOPLE MOVING TO DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN ORDER TO FULFILL THEIR BASIC NEEDS BETTER POSITIVES: SPREAD OF CULTURE, IDEAS AND TRADE POSITIVES: SPREAD OF CULTURE, IDEAS AND TRADE NEGATIVES: SPREAD OF DISEASES NEGATIVES: SPREAD OF DISEASES 5) REGIONS AREAS IN THE WORLD WITH SIMILAR GEOGRAPIC AREAS IN THE WORLD WITH SIMILAR GEOGRAPIC FEATURES FEATURES EXAMPLES: MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS, DESERTS AND EXAMPLES: MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS, DESERTS AND CLIMATES CLIMATES

20. III. IMPORTANT CAREERS IN SOCIAL STUDIES 1) GEOGRAPHER (GEOGRAPHY) 2) CARTOGRAPHER (CARTOGRAPHY) 2) CARTOGRAPHER (CARTOGRAPHY) 3) ARCHEOLOGIST (ARCHEOLOGY) 3) ARCHEOLOGIST (ARCHEOLOGY) 4) ANTHROPOLOGIST (ANTHROPOLOGY) 4) ANTHROPOLOGIST (ANTHROPOLOGY) 5) ECONOMIST (ECONOMICS) 5) ECONOMIST (ECONOMICS) 6) POLITICAL SCIENTIST (POLITICAL SYSTEMS) 6) POLITICAL SCIENTIST (POLITICAL SYSTEMS) 7) SOCIOLOGISTS (SOCIOLOGY) 7) SOCIOLOGISTS (SOCIOLOGY)

21. IV) RESOURCES TO LOCATE INFORMATION 1)Primary Sources - FIRST-HAND ACCOUNT OF SOMETHING THAT HAPPENED (ORIGINAL DOCUMENT) EXAMPLES : MEMOIRS, LETTERS, INTERVIEWS, AUTOBIOGRAPHIES, DIARIES, POLITICAL CARTOONS, CHARTS, LINE GRAPHS, BAR GRAPHS, MANUALS, ALMANACS

22. Ex: Political Cartoon

23. Ex: Chart

24. Ex: Line Graph

25. Ex: Bar Graph

26. IV) RESOURCES TO LOCATE INFORMATION ( Pg 2) 2) Secondary Sources -Created by someone who was not directly -Created by someone who was not directly involved in the event involved in the event (Description of a Primary Source) (Description of a Primary Source) EXAMPLES: ENCYCLOPEDIA, JOURNAL ARTICLES, EXAMPLES: ENCYCLOPEDIA, JOURNAL ARTICLES, TEXTBOOKS, PERIODICALS TEXTBOOKS, PERIODICALS

27. V. Types of Economies 1) Traditional Economies -Early Civilizations based on agriculture and the -Early Civilizations based on agriculture and the barter system barter system 2) Market Economies -Free of Government Control (Supply/Demand) -Free of Government Control (Supply/Demand) 3) Command Economies -Controlled by the Government -Controlled by the Government 4) Mixed Economies -Mixture of Market/Command -Mixture of Market/Command

28. VI. Types of Governments 1) Theocracy -Controlled by religious individuals (Early Civilizations) -Controlled by religious individuals (Early Civilizations) 2) Oligarchy (Aristocracy) -Controlled by small groups of people (Early Civilizations) -Controlled by small groups of people (Early Civilizations) 3) Direct Democracy -Citizens vote on all laws (Greece) -Citizens vote on all laws (Greece) 4) Republic -Citizens elect Representatives (Rome) -Citizens elect Representatives (Rome)

29. VI. Types of Governments (Pg.2) 5)Feudalism -Contract between Lord/Vassals -Contract between Lord/Vassals (European Middle Ages/Feudal Japan) (European Middle Ages/Feudal Japan) 6)Absolute Monarchies -Total Control of their Citizens lives (Western Europe) -Total Control of their Citizens lives (Western Europe) 7)Limited Monarchies -Government controls that limit a monarch’s power -Government controls that limit a monarch’s power (England) (England)