1. Chapter 11 America and the World
Section 1
Expansion in the Pacific

2. The Impulse for Imperialism
In March of 1889 in the South Pacific, 7 warships- 1 British, 3 German, and 3 U.S. faced off by present day Western Samoa
Before a shot could be fired, a typhoon struck, destroying all but the British ship and possibly preventing a war.
{Imperialism- the quest for colonial empires-} had led these 3 nations to the brink of war
Imperialism was driven by a need for markets, raw materials, power & prestige for this industrialists turned to Africa, Asia and Latin America and tried to colonize them

3. Samoa

4. Continued….
American enthusiasm for overseas expansion grew as industrial production surged
One influential supporter was {Alfred Thayer Mahan he took the position that the U.S. should establish naval bases outside of the country} to protect economic interests in foreign markets
Others supported the expansion because it would spread Christianity throughout the world
10 years after the skirmish in 1889 the U.S. won control over Eastern Samoa and Germany the took control of the west
Because of its climate and fertile soil Hawaii gained interest from imperial powers. British explorer {Captain James Cook visited the island and renamed them the Sandwich Islands}

5. Captain Cook

6. Acquiring Hawaii
{The 8 major Hawaiian Islands were united in about 1800 by King Kamehameha}
The Hawaiian Islands lie about 2,000 miles west of California and were a good place to build naval bases, coaling stations for travel to & from Asia
{The ships brought missionaries, settlers, traders and disease. The native Hawaiian population was cut in half in the span of 40 years}
As Hawaiian economy boomed, sugar planters grew rich
Due to the dwindling population the U.S. began bringing in Japanese and Chinese to work the fields

7. King Kamehameha

8. Different Varieties of Sugar Cane from Hawaii

9. American Influence in Hawaii
An 1875 treaty exempted Hawaiian sugar from tariffs in for Hawaii’s promise not to grant territory or other privileges in the islands to any other nations exchange
In 1886 the U.S. gov. demanded control of Pearl Harbor in exchange for renewing the tax free status of Hawaiian sugar but the Hawaiian king Kalakaua refused
A secret {Hawaiian League was formed to overthrow Kalakaua at gunpoint the monarchy and get the U.S. to annex the islands}
In 1887 the League forced him to sign a new constitution that limited his power and to sign the treaty
It came to be known as the Bayonet Constitution

10. A Nationalist Queen
In 1891 Kalakaua died and his sister Liliuokalani succeeded him. She vowed to regain “Hawaii for the Hawaiians”
{When Queen Liliuokalani announced plans to publish a new Hawaiian constitution, which would give more power to native Hawaiians supporters of annexation set up a separate government}
Not wanting to see Hawaiians killed, Queen Liliuokalani reluctantly surrendered the throne
Hawaii was annexed in Declared a territory in 1900 and became the 50th state in 1959.

11. Queen Liliuokalani

12. U.S. Involvement in China
In 1895 Japan seized China’s Liaotung Peninsula- the large island of Tiwan and Korea
Taking advantage of China’s weakened position Britain, France, Germany and Russia carved out {spheres of influence or regions where a particular country has exclusive rights over the mines, railroads and trade in another country’s territory}
Fearing being forced out of the China trade, {Secretary of State John Hay, called for an Open Door Policy in China} Since neither the Europeans nor the Japanese replied, Hay announced that the Open Door Policy had been approved

13. Secretary of State John Hay

14. The Boxer Rebellion
The Chinese formed a secret society called the {Fists of Righteous Harmony, known as the Boxers by the west}
In 1900 {the Boxers attacked the Western missionaries and traders in northern China becoming known as the Boxer Rebellion}
After an 8 week siege the international force rescued the foreigners
In a second series of Open Door notes John Hay pressured foreign powers to preserve China’s right to rule its own territory.
China retained its sovereignty as a nation

15. Fists of Righteous Harmony

16. Boxer Rebellion Prisoners ca. 1901

17. Review What is the quest for colonial empires?
Alfred Thayer Mahan took the position that the U.S. should establish what outside of the country?
What did Captain James Cook rename the Hawaiian Islands?
Who united the 8 major Hawaiian Islands in about 1800?
When the Boxers attacked the Western missionaries and traders in northern China this became known as?

18. Mia the Boxer