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ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of.

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1 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ALMOND THREE EFFECT THERMAL COMFORT BUILDING CLIMATOLOGY ARC 810 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE Federal university of technology Akure Nigeria

2 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria OUTLINE  INTRODUCTION  BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMAL COMFORT  THERMAL BALANCE OF THE HUMAN BODY  FACTORS AFFECTING THERMAL COMFORT  THERMAL INDICES  APPLICABILITY OF THE INDICES

3 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria INTRODUCTION  The human body maintains a thermal balance by controlling heat loss and gain  The six major factors that affect comfort are air temperature mean radiant temperature air velocity the relative humidity intrinsic Clothing and level of activity

4 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMAL COMFORT  Design of buildings with climate aims at maintaining comfort within and outside the building  An analysis is usually carried out to ascertain the comfort limit  Comfort is subjective in nature  The best comfort conditions are called optimum thermal conditions  Under such conditions only 50-75% people feels comfortable

5 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body

6 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body

7 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body  Body loses heat through Convection Conduction Radiation evaporation Thermal balance is achieved Heat lossheat gain

8 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body chart showing an equilibrium of heat loss and heat gain

9 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body

10 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body

11 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body

12 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort

13 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort

14 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort

15 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort

16 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE CONTINUED

17 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort

18 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Air velocity continued

19 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Air velocity continued

20 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort

21 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Relative Humidity continued

22 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort

23 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Intrinsic clothing continued

24 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria PICTURE SHOWING EFFECT OF THE THERMAL FACTORS ON THE BODY

25 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort

26 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The activity continued

27 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES

28 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Need for thermal index continued

29 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Need for thermal index continued

30 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Examples of Thermal indices

31 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Standard effective temperature continued

32 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Standard effective temperature continued

33 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Standard effective temperature continued The kata thermometer

34 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Effective Temperature (ET)

35 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The effective temperature continued It combines the effects of the following: the relative humidity the air velocity the air temperature

36 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal comfort chart for the Effective Temperature index.

37 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Corrected Effective Temperature  it is an improvement on the ET scale as it considers radiation effects as a fourth determinant of comfort

38 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram

39 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram

40 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram

41 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram Effective Temperature nomogram for persons wearing normal clothes.

42 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Effective Temperature nomogram for persons stripped to the waist.

43 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram

44 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram

45 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES

46 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Resultant Temperature (RT) continued

47 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Resultant Temperature (RT) continued Chart of the Resultant Temperature index.

48 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES

49 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES

50 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Equivalent Warmth continued

51 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES

52 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES

53 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Predicted Four Hour Sweat Rate continued

54 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Predicted Four Hour Sweat Rate continued Factors considered are Air temperature Humidity air movement metabolic rate clothing Mean radiant temperature of the surrounding

55 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal indices

56 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Operative Temperature continued Operative Temperature chart. Air velocity = 0.1 m/s and activity = 1 met. Operative Temperature chart. Air velocity = 0.1 m/s and activity = 1 met.

57 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal indices

58 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal indices The Bioclimatic Chart Victor Olgyay's conviction that there is no point in defining a single-figure index, as each of the components are controllable by different means resulted in the construction of the bioclimatic chart The Bioclimatic Chart Victor Olgyay's conviction that there is no point in defining a single-figure index, as each of the components are controllable by different means resulted in the construction of the bioclimatic chart

59 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Bioclimatic chart continued

60 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Bioclimatic chart continued

61 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued

62 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued The bioclimatic chart

63 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued

64 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued A reduction factor should be used to convert the wind velocity to air movement at the level of the human body (see table 1)

65 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued ConditionMean daily temp. ( C) Mean daily humidity Diurnal range High temperature and high humidity by day over 27over 70%- over 27.550 - 70%?10 C High temperature and high diurnal range over 32.50 - 30%- over 30.530 - 50%- over 29.550 - 70%>10 C Excessive discomfortover 380 - 30%- over 3730 - 50%- over 35.550 – 70%>10 C over 32over 70%?10 C

66 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued Day and night comfort but with high diurnal range 10 - 32.50 - 30%>10 C 10 - 30.530 - 50%>10 C 10 - 29.550 - 70%>10 C 10 - 29over 70%>10 C Low day temperatures 15 - 18 (fresh)-- 10 - 15 (cool)-- -- Day comfortall conditions not included above High temperature and high humidity by night above 25.5above 70%- above 2650 - 70%?10 C

67 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued High temperature and low humidity by night above 27.50 - 30%- above 26.530 - 50%- above 2650 - 70%>10 C Low night temperatures below 10-- Table 1:Temperature and humidity limits for different forms of discomfort

68 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued

69 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued

70 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued

71 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued Example of the use of the bioclimatic chart for Zaria.

72 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal indices

73 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Mahoney Scale continued

74 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Mahoney Scale continued Comfort limits proposed by Mahoney

75 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria thermal indices

76 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Evans Scale continued Table 3: Comfort temperature ranges according to Evans

77 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Evans Scale continued

78 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Applicability of the Indices

79 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Applicability of the Indices continued

80 ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Applicability of the Indices continued

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