1. The United States had been settled by many distinct Native American tribes prior to European colonization. Evidence shows that the tribes inhabited each of the regions that are part of the current United States. It is believed that the continent's original inhabitants arrived between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago, after crossing a "land bridge" between Asia and North America. They settled in a different manner than later colonists in that rarely did they settle in permanent grounds. While some set up long standing establishments, most lived in a semi-nomadic manner where the tribe would move according to the season and availability of food and would return to places of past habitation. Their lifestyles varied greatly. 1.Summarize the information to the left into a single, meaningful paragraph that includes AT LEAST 3 specific details. 2.Map activity: How many distinct tribes do you see? List the ones that you recognize by name. North American Native American Settlement

2. European Colonial Introduction Life for North American Indians began to change with the arrival of Europeans. While explorers from other regions of the world likely landed in North America earlier, it was Christopher Columbus' voyage to the "New World" in 1492 that signaled the true beginning of European colonization of the continent. European colonies existed in North America from the end of the 15th century (1400s) until the 19th century (1800s)... a period of more than 300 years. Europeans were interested in colonizing North America for a variety of reasons: to acquire fabulous riches like gold and silver, to escape poverty, to find religious freedom, to convert Native Americans to Christianity, or simply to find adventure and new opportunities. Soon after they arrived, the European colonists began to import enslaved Africans. Although European colonies existed in several of the regions of North America, many areas were largely uninhabited by Europeans and remained home to Native American tribes for many years while colonies developed 3. Summarize the information to the left into a single, meaningful paragraph that includes AT LEAST 3 specific details. 4. Map activity: How many European colonies were involved in the colonization of the Americas? List the 3 that appear to have claimed the most territory.

3. Spanish Colonies During the period from the mid-16th century (1500s) to the 19th century (1800s), the Spanish controlled large areas of the modern-day Southwest and West Coast of the United States. Florida was originally colonized by the Spanish and includes St. Augustine, the oldest permanent European colony in North America. The Spanish also controlled large areas in the modern-day states of Texas,California, and New Mexico. They established a network of military and religious outposts across these territories, which were often named after Roman Catholic saints. The word for saint in Spanish is "san" or "santa." Many modern- day cities in these states — San Francisco, Santa Cruz, and and San Antonio — can trace their origins to Spanish colonists. After the Treaty of Paris at the end of the French and Indian War (1763), the Spanish also laid claim to the large French colony known as Louisiana, which encompassed the modern-day states of Louisiana, Arkansas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska,Iowa, Minnesota, N & S Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Colorado, and Idaho. Few Spanish colonists lived in these areas, which were primarily inhabited by Indian tribes. In 1800, France regained Louisiana from the Spanish. 5. Summarize the information to the left into a single, meaningful paragraph that includes AT LEAST 3 specific details. 6. Map activity: Identify 10 current states that Spain DID NOT have a claim on.

4. Dutch Colonies In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson, searching for a passage to the Indies on behalf of the Dutch East India Company, sailed up the river later named for him — the Hudson. He claimed the land on either side of the river for the Dutch, who began colonizing the territory they named New Netherland. In 1624, the Dutch established their first permanent settlement, Fort Orange, on the site of present-day Albany, New York. The Dutch founded New Amsterdam at the mouth of the Hudson River, on the southern end of Manhattan island (present-day New York City), and in 1626, traded for the entire island from the local Indians. Other Dutch settlements in New Netherland included forts in New Jersey and at the present site of Philadelphia,Pennsylvania. In 1664, New Amsterdam's governor, Peter Stuyvesant, surrendered the colony to the English colonel Richard Nicolls, who renamed it New York for his patron, the Duke of York. 7. Summarize the information to the left into a single, meaningful paragraph that includes AT LEAST 3 specific details. 8. Map activity: What does this map demonstrate about the effect that geographic features can have on colonial development?

5. French Colonies 9. Summarize the information to the left into a single, meaningful paragraph that includes AT LEAST 3 specific details. 10. Map Activity: Looking at the area of the Louisiana Purchase, what do you think the USA would have become if Napoleon didn’t sell the land? The French established their first colonies in North America in the 17th century (1600s), many in modern-day Canada. They were primarily designed to produce and provide goods such as furs and sugar for export. The French established forts, trading posts, and settlements in the areas surrounding the Great Lakes and up and down the Mississippi River, including the huge colony of Louisiana. The territory encompassed the modern-day states of Louisiana, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, Arkansas, Oklaho ma, Missouri, the Dakotas, Wyoming, Montana, Colorado, and Idaho. The region was named after the French King Louis XIV. Its capital, New Orleans, at the mouth of the Mississippi River, was founded in 1718. After the Treaty of Paris at the end of the French and Indian War (1763), the French surrendered Louisiana to the Spanish. They regained control of the colony in 1800, and three years later, Napoleon sold it to the young United States. This sale, which ignored the Indian tribes who inhabited the land, became known as the Louisiana Purchase. French forts and trading posts were built at the sites of what later became well- known American cities, such as Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Detroit,Michigan; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Natchez and Biloxi, Mississippi.