1. X-Ray Window: Portable Visualization on the International Space Station William W. White Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, IL 62026-1656 wwhite@siue.edu

2. ISS Stowage Problems Locating stowed items Dynamic crew rosters Inconvenient bar-code readers Shortage of space Delays in module implementation

3. Additional ISS Problems Data retrieval Remote gauges in various modules Incompatible international database systems EVA/docking status

4. “Magic Window” ISS imagery system Flat panel/VR headwear Designed to relieve tedium of long-term confinement Potential applications: –Exercise bike/treadmill display –Teleconferencing –First aid treatment database

5. X-Ray Window Enhancement Proposed operation: ISS team member aims display device Device determines position/orientation Calculates ISS objects in line of sight Provides coherent display

6. X-Ray Window Challenges Localization Potential interference with normal ISS operation Dynamic data Determining objects in designated direction and depth Interactive display Focusing on relevant objects

7. Localization Alternatives Acoustic Tracking Ultrasonic; easy reflection filtering Affected by environment; requires line-of-sight (LOS) Mechanical Tracking Direct physical determination Space-consuming

8. Localization Alternatives Optical Tracking Infrared; non-interference w/ISS Extensive signals & direct LOS required Magnetic Tracking Simple; LOS not needed Conductive interference

9. ISS-Compatible Localization Inertial Tracking Gyroscopes & accelerometers; recent chip-level advances Low gravity problems? Radio Tracking Ultra-wideband transmission Minimal communication interference? Continuous Waves Coherent UWB Pulses

10. Data Retrieval Current static database systems Inventory Management System –Stowage database management tool Internal Volume Configuration –CAD-based database for stowage compartments

11. Dynamic Data Retrieval UWB systems may be used for “interior radar” Mine detection – negligible signal interference Medical monitoring – minimal human side effects Cargo container tracking – analogous to ISS stowage

12. X-Ray Window Interface Requirements include: Depth selection control Occlusion handling Target specification Object highlighting

13. AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements NASA Johnson Space Center Mihriban Whitmore Vicky Byrne James Maida NASA Faculty Fellowship Program http://asee.org/resources/fellowships/nffp

14. Image Credits spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery Eric Foxlin, Michael Harrington, & George Pfeifer; “Constellation: A Wide-Range Wireless Motion- Tracking System for Augmented Reality and Virtual Set Applications;” Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 98; July 1998; pages 371-378. www.fakespacelabs.com Greg Welch & Eric Foxlin; “Motion Tracking: No Silver Bullet, but a Respectable Arsenal;” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications; November/December 2002; pages 24-38. Eugene Paperno, Ichiro Sasada, & Eduard Leonovich; “A New Method for Magnetic Position and Orientation Tracking;” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics; July 2001; pages 1938-1940. Shfe.jsc.nasa.gov/docs/Hab2004/ Connolly_stowade.pdf

15. Image Credits Xiaojian Xu & Ram N. Narayanan; “Range Sidelobe Suppression Technique for Coherent Ultra Wide- Band Random Noise Radar Imaging;” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; December 2001; pages 1836-1842. Robert J. Fontana & Steven J. Gunderson; “Ultra-Wideband Precision Asset Location System;” Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Conference on Ultra-Wideband Systems and Technologies; May 2002; pages 147-150. Enrico M. Staderini; “UWB Radars in Medicine;” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine; January 2000; pages 13-18. http://www.analog.com http://www.time- domain.com www.tomheroes.com NASA Inventory Management System Software Users Guide (Revision 4); http://mod.jsc.nasa.gov/ do5/iso/ NASA Generic On-Orbit Stowage Capabilities and Requirements: Pressurized Volume (Revision C); January 2003; http://jsc-sls- sisl6.jsc.nasa.gov/csig/atation/OSCAR_RevC.pdf