1. Vinblastine hypothesis

2. Vinblastine Hypothesis
vinblastine slows tumor growth by inhibiting cell division. It is useful for cancer, because the point of the treatment is to prevent the most rapidly dividing cells - which are the cancerous cells. By inhibiting their division, vinblastine slows the tumour growth.

3. Background
Vinblastine is an antimicrotubules. In 1958, Dr Robert Noble and Dr Charles Beer in London, Ontario, discovered vinblastine. Vinblastine was firstly obtain traditionally by from Catharanthus roseus, also known as Vinca rosea, a Madagascar Periwinkle. It has molecular formula C46H58N4O9 , It has a mass number of g/mole. Vinblastine is colorless when dissolve in water. The IUPAC name is dimethyl (2β,3β,4β,5α,12β,19α)- 15-[(5S,9S)- 5-ethyl- 5-hydroxy- 9-(methoxycarbonyl). The structural formolar Vinblastine is as below

4. Background

5. Why the creation of Vinblastine
Vinblastine was created for therapeutic Purposes, Vinblastine's utility as a chemotherapeutic agent was first suggested by its effect on the body when the plant was consumed in a tea. Vinblastine is a chemotherapy drug used for the treatment of various types of cancer. It may used as a treatment on its own or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. It is most commonly used in the treatment of leukaemia, lymphoma and breast and lung cancer. .

6. How it Works
It is given as an injection (intravenous) into a peripheral cannula or via a central line. They work by preventing mitosis in metaphase. These alkaloids bind to tubulin, thus preventing the cell from making the spindles it needs to be able to divide. This is different from the action of taxol which interferes with cell division by keeping the spindles from being broken down.

7. Chemical property Vinblastine
mp 267 °C (dec.)(lit.) alpha -21.7 º (c=2, CH3OH 21 ºC),storage temp. 2-8°C solubility H2O: 10 mg/mL form powder color white Water Solubility >=1 g/100 mL at 24.5 ºCMerck 13,10044CAS DataBase Reference (CAS DataBase Reference)EPA Substance Registry SystemVincaleukoblastine, sulfate (1:1) (salt)( )

8. What are the positive and negative Effects of Vinblastine to our Enviroment
Positive effects Clinically, leukopenia is an expected effect of vinblastine sulfate (vinblastine sulfate injection) , and the level of the leukocyte count is an important guide to therapy with this drug. In general, the larger the dose employed, the more profound and longer lasting the leukopenia will be.

9. What are the positive and negative Effects of Vinblastine to our Environment
The strong depressive effect of vinblastine on the rat sarcoma 45 growth and intensification of this effect by the combination of vinblastine treatment with the activation of the blood anticoagulation system (BAS) were found

10. Positive effects and negative on humans being
Vinblastine is also used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, cervical cancer, idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

11. Positive effects on Humans
Hodgkin's disease
non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
mycosis fungoides
testicular cancer
Kaposi's sarcoma related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Letterer-Siwe disease

12. Negative Effects on Humans
Side effects from vinblastine are common and include:
nausea and vomiting which usually lasts less than 24 hours
stomach pain
constipation
diarrhea
jaw pain, headache, or other aches
thinned or brittle hair
exposed areas of the skin may become easily sunburned

13. Mechanism of Vinsblatine
Microtubule disruptive drugs. vinblastine,  have been reported to act by two mechanisms. At very low concentrations they suppress microtubule dynamics and at higher concentrations they reduce microtubule polymer mass. Recent findings indicate that they also produce microtubule fragments by stimulating microtubule minus-end detachment from their organizing centers. Dose-response studies further indicate that enhanced microtubule detachment from spindle poles correlate best with cytotoxicity.

14. Alternative of Vinblastine
Carboplatin: it is used against some form of cancer and less harmful to the society