1. Human Growth and Development
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Forms of Birth Control

2. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s)
Infections spread from one person to another during sexual activity
Who is at risk for contracting an STI??

3. Contraction
Microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa live on the surface of the reproductive organs
May also live in mouth, rectum, blood, semen and other bodily fluids of an infected person
Many are often asymptomatic:
They exhibit few or no symptoms
**does NOT mean health problems are not occurring!

4. Exposure

5. Prevention and Treatment
Many are easily treated
Bacterial??
Viral-controlled with antiviral medication
**does not cause immunity
1. treatment must begin as soon as possible
2. all sexual partners must be notified, tested, treated
3. must abstain from sexual activity until doctor gives the OK

6. Prevention and Treatment
Abstinence is the most effective way to prevent STI’s
Latex Condom: a birth control device that provides a barrier to semen and microorganisms that cause STI’s
Correctly used—from beginning to end, removed correctly
Taking a birth control pill does not prevent STI’s

7. Male Reproductive System

8. Female Reproductive System

9. Common STI’s Chlamydia (bacterial): effects more that 1,400,000 (CDC)
Estimated more than 2,800,000
“silent disease”-few or no symptoms
Young women more susceptible-not fully developed
Leads to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Infection of fallopian tubes and pelvic cavity
Causes infertility
Ectopic pregnancy-fertilized egg implants outside the uterus

10. Symptoms Treatment mild/absent
Men: burning during urination, itching at the opening of the penis, watery discharge
Women: abnormal vaginal discharge, burning during urination, nausea, abdominal pain, fever, abnormal menstrual bleeding
Treatment
antibiotics

11. Common STI’s Gonorrhea
Bacterial infection infecting reproductive tract, rectum, and throat
Est. 820,000 infected
Most occur among sexually active teens and young adults
Symptoms
Mild/absent
Men: urethra burns during urination, produces yellow/white pus
Women: mild burning or itching (yeast infection), pelvic pain, abnormal menstrual bleeding
Can cause PID
Infect blood and be potentially fatal
Treatment
Antibiotics
Lots of antibiotic resistance has been found

12. Common STI’s
Syphilis
Bacterial, causes extremely serious health problems and disability
Fatal if untreated, fatal to developing fetus
50,000 cases (as common as seasonal flu)
Symptoms
Chancres-sore at site of infection
Primary-1 sore, is not painful, does not itch
Secondary-red rash appears on palms and soles, does not itch
Late-stage- damage to the brain (dementia), paralysis, fatal damage to heart, liver, blood vessels
Treatment
Antibiotics (primary, secondary)

13. Common STI’s Trichomoniasis Caused by protozoan More common in women
Asymptomatic, but most curable
Est. 4,000,000
Symptoms
Men: no symptoms, itching and burning in urethra—go away without treatment
Women: few symptoms, yellow-green vaginal discharge, burning, itching, pain during urination and sexual intercourse
Treatment
Prescription drugs
Both partners must be treated to control reinfection

14. Common STI’s Genital Herpes
HSV Type 1- cold sores on mouth and lips, also causes genital infections
HSV Type 2- genital infections only, transmitted only through sexual contact
Affects about 1 in 5 women, 1 in 9 men
Symptoms
No/mild symptoms
Blisters at site of infection, burst, heal after a few weeks, return (outbreak)
Treatment
No cure
Medication to control frequency and severity of outbreaks

15. Common STI’s Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Most commonly contracted STI
Infects cells in skin and membranes
At least 40 kinds known to cause genital infections, and some cause cancer
Almost all sexually active carry virus at some point, most do not cause health problems
Symptoms
Genital warts-abnormal growths on the skin and membranes around genitals and anus
Can lead to cervical cancer
Can lead to oropharyngeal cancer: back of throat, base of tongue, tonsils
Treatment
Vaccine—girls and boys
Antiviral medication
sugery

16. Common STI’s
HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency virus: infects and kills cells, weakening body’s immune system
Can lead to
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: (disease)
People transmit HIV, not AIDS
HIV found in blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk
NOT found in tears, saliva, or sweat

17. Common STI’s HIV/AIDS Symptoms: Treatment
Early signs resemble flu-like illness, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes
AIDS develops when the immune system becomes disabled
All infected develop AIDS at different rates
Treatment
Anti-retroviral therapy (ART): aims to reduce the number of viruses in the body so immune system can stay strong— DOES NOT CURE HIV

18. Show Your Understanding
List 4 common STI’s
Which STI is also known as a silent disease?
Which STI is often treated with 2 kinds of antibiotics?
Which STI can cause genital warts, cervical cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer?
Compare and contrast the two kinds of herpes simplex virus (HSV).

19. Pregnancy Prevention About 80% of teenage pregnancies are unplanned
US teen birthrate is double what it is in Canada, 4X higher than Germany and France, 8X higher than Japan
The only 100% effective way to avoid unplanned pregnancy is _________________.

20. Pregnancy Prevention Contraception: birth control
Male condom: worn on penis during sexual intercourse
Spermicide: substance that inactivates sperm
Female condom: similar to a pouch a woman inserts into her vagina
Contraceptive sponge: barrier birth control that blocks sperm from entering uterus
Diaphragm: flexible cup-shaped disk that covers the cervix and blocks sperm from entering uterus
Requires doctor’s exam and prescription, but can be used multiple times
Cervical Cap: flexible, silicone product that covers cervix and prevents sperm from entering uterus
Requires doctor’s exam and prescription
Smaller than diaphragm

21. Pregnancy Prevention
Oral contraceptive: contains hormones that thicken cervical mucus and prevents ovulations
All require doctor’s exam
Combination pill: contain estrogen and progesterone
Taken daily (21 or 28 day pack)
Progesterone-only pill also availalbe
Birth Control Patch: contains same hormones as the pill
Applied for 1 week, then changed out
Vaginal Ring: small, flexible ring containing same hormones
Inserted into vagina for 3 consecutive weeks, no ring for 4th week
Birth Control Shot: injection of progesterone
Every 3 months

22. Pregnancy Prevention
Implant: flexible, toothpick-sized rod containing progesterone
Inserted into under arm by doctor, left in place for 3 years
Intrauterine Device (IUD): small, T-shaped device containing hormones
Inserted into uterus by doctor
Types can be left in place for 12 years, others for 5
Emergency Contraception
Method that can be used to prevent pregnancy if other birth control methods fail or have been used incorrectly
Plan B
Prevents fertilization, does NOT prevent pregnancy that has already occurred
Reduce chances by 89% if used within 5 days

23. Show Your Understanding
When used medically, which two hormones can stop ovulation?
What are two forms of oral contraceptives?
In terms of location, how are birth control implants and IUDs different?
True or False? Emergency contraception protects against STI infection.
Why might birth control pills be a poor option for someone who is forgetful?