1. INTRODUCTION TO PHP/mySQL I
FTSM Lab / May 2011

2. Goal Provide the basic knowledge of PHP programming
Explain how you can code and run PHP scripts
Creating dynamic pages
Basic database interactions – read, insert, update and delete data
Basic session management
PHP Application packages

3. Structure
HTML/
XHTML
PHP
Database
CSS
JavaScript

4. HTML/JavaScript/CSS http://www.w3schools.com
HTML, JavaScript and CSS tutorials

5. Client-server architecture

6. What is PHP? PHP = ‘Hypertext PreProcessor’
Originally created by Rasmus
Lerdorf in 1994
The main implementation of PHP
is now produced by The PHP Group
(de facto standard for PHP) -
Open-source (access to source code and free distribution right), server-side scripting language

7. How PHP works

8. How to run PHP scripts PHP on Windows Method1 IIS FastCGI + PHP mySQL
Apache
PHP
Method3
WAMP Packages
Method4
Web Hosting

9. Webhosting
Webhosting information

10. WAMP Packages - XAMPP http://www.apachefriends.org/en/index.html
Version for Windows includes: Apache, MySQL, PHP, Perl, phpMyAdmin, JpGraph, FileZilla FTP Server, SQLite etc.

11. WAMP Packages - WAMPServer
Version for Windows includes: Apache, PHP, Mysql (version 64 and 32 bits), PhpMyadmin, SQLBuddy, XDebug, webGrind, XDC

12. PHP Scripts
Basic syntaxes, data types, variable, control structures, arrays, function

13. PHP DATABASE VARIABLES BASIC SYNTAX DATA TYPE CONTROL STATEMENTS
FUNCTION
DATABASE
CONNECT/ READ
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
SESSION
PHP PACKAGES

14. PHP code <?php … … ?> Structurally similar to C/C++
All PHP statements end with a semi-colon
Each PHP script must be enclosed in the reserved PHP tag
<?php …
… ?>

15. PHP code - comments Standard C, C++, and shell comment symbols
// C++ and Java-style comment
# Shell-style comments
/* C-style comments
These can span multiple lines */

16. PHP code - output Use ‘echo’ or ‘print’
Strings in single quotes (‘ ’) are not interpreted or evaluated by PHP
<?php
$nilai = 25; // Numerical variable $ayat = “Hello”; // String variable
echo $ayat; // Outputs Hello
echo $nilai, $ayat; // Outputs 25Hello
echo “5x5=”,$nilai; // Outputs 5x5=25
echo “5x5=$nilai”; // Outputs 5x5=25 echo ‘5x5=$nilai’; // Outputs 5x5=$nilai
?>

17. PHP – escape character
If the string has a set of double quotation marks that must remain visible, use the \ [backslash] before the quotation marks to ignore and display them.
<?php
$jab=“\”PHP\””;
print $jab; //”PHP”
?>

18. PHP code - variables PHP variables must begin with a “$” sign
Case-sensitive ($var != $VAR != $vAr)
Global and locally-scoped variables
Global variables can be used anywhere
Local variables restricted to a function or class
Certain variable names reserved by PHP
Form variables ($_POST, $_GET)
Server variables ($_SERVER)

19. PHP code – variables <?php
$nilai = 25; //Numerical variable $ayat = “Hello”; //String variable
$nilai = ($nilai * 7); //Multiplies variable nilai by 7
?>

20. PHP code - operations <?php $a=30; $b=5; $total=$a+$b;
print $total; //35
print “<p>Jumlah ialah $total</p>”;
// Jumlah ialah 35
print $a-$b; //25
print $a*$b; //150
print $a/$b; //6
print $a+=$b; //35
print $a%$b; //0
?>

21. PHP code – strings function
Use a period to join strings into one.
<?php
$string1=“Hello”;
$string2=“PHP”;
$string3=$string1 . “ ” . $string2;
print $string3; //Hello PHP
?>

22. PHP – Control Statements
Control structures similar with JavaScript/C++
if, elseif, else
switch, case
while
for
foreach

23. PHP - if, elseif, else <?php $markah = 90; if ($markah >= 80)
echo “Lulus dengan cemerlang"; elseif ($markah >= 40)    echo “Lulus"; else    echo “Gagal";
?>

24. PHP control – switch …
switch ($jantina){ case “L”:    echo “Lelaki";    break; case “P”:    echo “Perempuan";    break; default:    echo “Tiada input jantina"; } …

25. PHP control – while loops
$nombor = 1;
while ($nombor!=10){
print “Bilangan $nombor”;
$nombor++; }
?>

26. PHP control – for loops <?php for ($n = 1; $n<=10; $n++){
print “Bilangan $n”; }
?>

27. PHP control – foreach loops
$numbers = array("one","two","three");
foreach ($numbers as $value) { echo $value . "<br />";   }
?>

28. PHP arrays Three kind of arrays:
Numeric array - An array with a numeric index
Associative array - An array where each ID key is associated with a value
Multidimensional array - An array containing one or more arrays

29. PHP – numeric arrays <?php //numeric array
$cars = array("Saab","Volvo","BMW",“Ford");
echo $cars[2]; //BMW
?>

30. PHP – associative arrays
$umur = array ("Raju"=>32, "Gopal"=>34, "Samy" => 36); //same as $umur[‘Raju’]=32…
echo $umur[‘Gopal’]; //34
?>

31. PHP - multi dimensional arrays
$kump = array ("Merah"=> array ("Ali", "Raju", "Joan"), "Biru"=> array ("Abu", "Jason", "Lin"), "Hijau" => array ("David", "Jim", "Mary");
echo $kump [‘Merah’][2]; //Joan
echo $kump [‘Hijau’][0]; //David
?>

32. PHP array functions array_push() – adds element/s to an array <?php
$a=array("Dog","Cat"); array_push($a,"Horse","Bird"); print_r($a);
/*Array ([0]=>Dog [1]=>Cat [2]=>Horse [3]=>Bird) */
?>

33. PHP array functions array_pop() – deletes last element in an array
$a=array("Dog","Cat","Horse"); array_pop($a); print_r($a);
// Array ([0]=>Dog [1]=>Cat)
?>

34. PHP array functions unset() – destroy a variable
$array = array(0, 1, 2, 3);
unset($array[2]);
/* array(3) {
[0]=>int(0)
[1]=>int(1)
[3]=>int(3)
} */

35. PHP - functions Functions MUST be defined before they can be called
Function headers are of the format
function function_name ($var1, $var2…){ … }
Function names are not case sensitive

36. PHP - functions <?php // This is a function
function darab($arg1, $arg2){
$arg3 = $arg1 * $arg2;
return $arg3; }
echo darab(12,3); // 36
?>

37. PHP - Using external files
Using external files for:
HTML codes
Structure – template files like
headers, footers
Functions – separate file to
store all functions
Config – separate configuration
settings in different file

38. PHP – include and require
Four functions:
include()
include_once()
require()
require_once()
Generates warnings when the function doesn’t work
Generates errors and halts scripts when the function doesn’t work

39. PHP - include Using “include” to include external files <?php
include “header.php”
Include “tarikh.php”
include “menubar.php” …
?>
<?php
print “Tarikh hari ini ialah $date2”;
?>

40. PHP References http://www.php.net <- php home page
<- php download page
php <- php installation manual
<- php online tutorial

41. Database and SQL
SQL, MySQL, phpMyAdmin, creating database and tables

42. SQL SQL – Structured Query Language
SQL can be used to access and manipulate databases
SELECT * FROM pelajar
SELECT * FROM pelajar
WHERE NoMatrik=‘A123456’

43. SELECT nama FROM pelajar
SQL Queries
Query database for specific information and have a recordset returned from table
SELECT nama FROM pelajar
nama
Jalil
Gopal
Ah Meng

44. SQL Keywords SELECT – select from tables FROM – specifies tables
WHERE – specifies criteria
INSERT – inserts data into table
UPDATE – updates data in table
DELETE – deletes data in table
CREATE – create new table
DROP – delete existing table

45. SQL Keywords Usage
SELECT * FROM pelajar Output: select all columns from table pelajar SELECT nama, nomatrik FROM pelajar Output: select columns nama and nomatrik from table pelajar WHERE nomatrik=‘A12345’ Output: select columns nama, nomatrik from table pelajar where row nomatrik equals ‘A12345’

46. SQL Keywords Usage
INSERT INTO pelajar (nomatrik, nama, jabatan, kumpulan) VALUES (‘A12365’, ‘Hashim’, ‘4’, ‘9’) Action: insert specified value to table pelajar, creating new row DELETE FROM pelajar WHERE nomatrik=‘A12369’ Action: select row from table pelajar where nomatrik as specified and delete the row

47. SQL Keywords Usage
UPDATE pelajar SET nama = ‘Hisham’ WHERE nama = ‘Hashim’ AND nomatrik = ‘A12365’ Action: update specified row to table pelajar

48. MySQL MySQL - "My Structured Query Language“
Created by Michael Widenius from TcX (Sweden) in 1994
Open-source, relational database management system
MySQL is used in web applications and acts as the database component of the WAMP/LAMP
Used in free software projects (e.g. WordPress, Joomla)

49. MySQL and WAMP/LAMP
Download at

50. MySQL Interfaces Interfaces to manage and browse database easily
phpMyAdmin
heidiSQL
MySQL-Front
SQLyog

51. phpMyAdmin

52. Creating Database
CREATE DATABASE databasename

53. Creating Tables Some of MySQL data types: Type Description
CHAR [length]
Fixed-length, 0 to 255 characters long
VARCHAR [length]
Variable-length, 0 to 255 characters long
TEXT
String, maximum 65,535 characters
INT [length]
millions to 2,147 millions
DATE
YYYY-MM-DD format
TIME
HH:MM:SS

54. Creating Tables Choose a suitable name and create table
Identify columns names
Identify data types
Identify suitable MySQL data type
Identify suitable length

55. Creating Tables
Creating table for a guestbook application

56. Creating Tables Identifying column general data type Column name Type
Number
NAMA
Text
TARIKH
Date/time
KOMEN

57. Table: guestbook Column name Type MySQL data type ID Number INT NAMA
Text
VARCHAR [40]
TARIKH
Date/time
DATETIME
KOMEN
TEXT

59. guestbook ID NAMA EMAIL TARIKH KOMEN 1 Simon simon@yahoo.com
:40:48
Excellent website! Well done! 2
Azizi
:20:48
Sila lawati laman web saya: azizi.com.my 3
Wei Yoong
:45:12
Still waiting for the updates :D

60. PHP and MySQL
Read, insert, update and delete data using PHP

61. DELETE DATA
CREATE CONNECTION
CLOSE CONNECTION
INSERT DATA
READ DATA
UPDATE DATA

62. PHP Creating & Closing Connection
Use mysql_connect() and mysql_close()
$con = mysql_connect (servername, username, password);
if (!$con) {
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
} …
mysql_close($con);

63. PHP Selecting Database
Use mysql_select_db() …
$con = mysql_connect (servername, username, password);
mysql_select_db (databasename, $con);

64. PHP Displaying data Use mysql_query() to run SQL
The return result are usually in array form
$result = mysql_query ("SELECT * FROM guestbook"); while($row = mysql_fetch_array ($result)) {
echo $row[‘NAMA'] . “-" . $row[‘ '] . ”-” . row[‘TARIKH'] . “-" . $row[‘KOMEN'];   }

65. PHP Inserting data Use mysql_query() …
//run query mysql_query("INSERT INTO guestbook
(ID, NAMA, , TARIKH, KOMEN) VALUES
(5, ‘Jason', NOW(), ‘Website yang bagus!’)"); …

66. PHP Inserting data //Create query
$qry = "INSERT INTO guestbook (ID, NAMA, , TARIKH, KOMEN)
VALUES (5, ‘Jason', NOW(), ‘Website yang bagus!’)”;
//Run query mysql_query($qry); …

67. PHP Inserting data from Form
HTML FORM
PHP

68. PHP Inserting data from Form

69. PHP Inserting data from Form
…   $sql="INSERT INTO guestbook (NAMA, , TARIKH, KOMEN) VALUES ('$_POST[nama]', '$_POST[ ]‘, '$_POST[tarikh]‘, '$_POST[komen]')"; …

70. PHP Displaying data in table
… echo "<table>"; while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td>" . $row[‘NAMA'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row[‘ '] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row[‘TARIKH'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row[‘KOMEN'] . "</td>";
echo "</tr>";   }
echo "</table>"; …

71. PHP Updating data Use UPDATE /SET /WHERE to update data
mysql_query (“UPDATE guestbook SET = WHERE NAMA = ‘Simon‘ ");   }

72. PHP Deleting data Use DELETE FROM /WHERE to delete data from database
… mysql_query (“DELETE FROM guestbook WHERE Nama = ‘Simon‘ "); …

73. Update/Delete in Form
Modify display table form to incorporate update/delete functions
//make a link at the end of each table row for UPDATE and DELETE …
echo “<td>”;
echo "<a href='delete.php?cmd=delete&id=$id‘>Delete</a>";
echo “</td><td>”;
echo "<a href=‘update.php?&id=$id‘>Delete</a>";
echo "<br>";
if($_GET["cmd"]=="delete") { … }

74. HTTP Requests
GET
Gets/retrieves information from server (e.g retrieve an image, fetch search results)
Sends information as part of URL (visible, 2048 chars limit)
Cached, bookmark-able
POST
Posts/sends data (e.g login information, post form data)
Submitted data is hidden (invisible)
Non-cached, non-bookmark-able

75. Update Process Select data by primary key using SQL SELECT
Show data in HTML form to modify elements
Use SQL UPDATE to update data

76. PHP Session Management
User sessions

77. Sessions
Using session identifier in server to locate and store user data
Advantage over cookies:
More secure – all data stored in server
Not browser/computer dependent – some users reject cookies/turn off
Store more data than cookie
Use session_start() and $_SESSION[variable]

78. Sessions … session_start(); If (isset($_SESSION[‘user_id’])){ …
//login process
session_start();
$_SESSION[‘user_id’] = A11201; …
//reset session array
$_SESSION = array();
//delete session
session_destroy();

79. PHP Application Packages
Installing packages, customizing packages

80. PHP packages Useful and easy to install PHP applications Phpmyadmin
Joomla
modx
phpBB
Wordpress
Mediawiki
zend

81. phpMyadmin MySQL interface Deployment: Download from site
Unzip to web document
root

82. Joomla Multi-user CMS Deployment: Download and unzip in
web document root
Launch install script

83. modx
Multi-user CMS

84. phpBB
Bulletin board

85. Wordpress
Blogging application -

86. MediaWiki
Wiki -

87. Zend

88. THANK YOU