1. Review Questions ◦ What was decided at the Yalta Conference? ◦ British, French, Soviets would control Germany, Soviets could control Eastern Europe ◦ What is the United Nations? ◦ Replaced League of Nations, meant to prevent world conflict ◦ What was the Balfour Declaration? ◦ Idea of creating a new homeland for Jews after WWII with the establishment of Israel ◦ What were the Nuremburg Trials? ◦ Nazi leaders punished for crimes against humanity

2. Coming soon… ◦ Extended Bellringer

3. Agenda ◦ Extended Bellringer ◦ Notes: The Holocaust ◦ Exit Ticket

4. Outline this following essay… ◦ Pick TWO topics from the suggested list ◦ For each one: ◦ Historical circumstance (what happened before) ◦ Analysis (compare to something else or what happened after)

5. Objectives ◦ Students will demonstrate an understanding of how and why certain minority and ethnic groups were persecuted under Hitler by completing an exit ticket activity

6. THE HOLOCAUST WWII

7. Background ◦ Hitler began aggressive military behavior because he wanted “lebensraum” (Living Space) ◦ Wanted to destroy anyone he viewed as inferior ◦ Genocide: killing of an entire ethnic or religious group

8. The beginning… ◦ Nuremburg laws (1935) defined “Jewish” on paper and declared them “subhuman” ◦ Cannot teach, couldn’t marry non-jews, no government jobs, no publishing books ◦ Kristallnacht: “Night of Broken Glass” – November 8, 1938 ◦ After Nuremburg laws, discrimination/hate crimes against Jews was unpunished and even glorified ◦ This culture of hate finally exploded with Kristallnacht – full scale destruction ◦ German officials told media a Polish Jew had assassinated a Germany ambassador in Paris to inspire the destruction ◦ All Jewish businesses, synagogues, cemeteries, schools, and homes destroyed across Germany

9. Final Solution ◦ After Kristallnacht, Hitler required all Jews to live in Ghettos so they can be supervised ◦ He limited food, supplies, money in hopes they would die off ◦ While they suffered in ghettos, he set up concentration camps (labor camps) to he could kill them on a large scale ◦ While millions died in these death camps, millions others died of starvation, disease, murder ◦ German soldiers were allowed to kill any Jew they wanted, in any way they wanted, for any reason they wanted ◦ 6 million Jews murdered (estimated)

19. Nazi Medical Experiments ◦ Dropping Jews w/ parachutes from different altitudes to see what was too high ◦ Forced to drink various forms of salt water ◦ Exposure to mustard gas to see if a tolerance could be developed ◦ Bone grafting to test pharmaceuticals ◦ Exposing different groups to various diseases to see how different races could withstand them (Josef Mengele at Auschwitz – proving Aryan superiority w scientific method) ◦ Sterilization experiments to eliminate potential reproduction of undesirables ◦ Twins – eye dye and sewed together – 1400 used, 200 survived ◦ Head injury – chair hammer

20. Sad truth ◦ Despite the despicable nature of these experiments, the data gleaned has been used to improve standards of living and life expectancy around the world…

22. Exit ticket ◦ What is genocide? ◦ Mass execution of a specific minority group ◦ What was Kristallnacht? ◦ Night of broken glass – prejudice against Jews came to a boiling point

23. Textbook reading ◦ Read pages 967-970 ◦ Answer questions 4,5, 6, and 7 on page 970